Backward energy flow in simple 4-wave electromagnetic fields

Abstract

Electromagnetic energy backflow is a phenomenon occurring in regions where the direction of the Poynting vector is opposite to that of the propagation of the wave field. It is particularly remarkable in the nonparaxial regime and has been exhibited in the focal region of sharply focused beams, for vector Bessel beams, and vector-valued spatiotemporally localized waves. A detailed study is undertaken of this phenomenon and the conditions for its appearance are examined in detail in the case of a superposition of four plane waves in free space, the simplest electromagnetic arrangement for the observation of negative energy flow, as well as its comprehensive and transparent physical interpretation. It is shown that the state of polarization of the constituent components of the electromagnetic plane wave quartet determines whether energy backflow takes place or not and what values the energy flow velocity assumes. Depending on the polarization angles, the latter can assume any value from c (the speed of light in vacuum) to -c in certain spatiotemporal regions of the field.

arXiv comment13 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (5)

• Backward Pulling Force from a Forward Propagating Beam
• Can a single gradientless light beam drag particles?
• Diffraction-free space-time beams
• Reexamination of energy flow velocities of non-diffracting localized waves
• Reactive energy in non-diffracting localized waves

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Energy backflow in unidirectional spatiotemporally localized wavepackets
• Demonstrating backflow in classical two beams' interference
• Azimuthal backflow in light carrying orbital angular momentum
• Study of energy backflow in unidirectional monochromatic and space-time waves
• Two mechanisms of backward optical forces on Rayleigh particles in structured paraxial light
• Magnetic tuning of quantum backflow: Schrödinger vs Pauli system