Averaging generalized scalar field cosmologies III: Kantowski--Sachs and closed Friedmann--Lemaître--Robertson--Walker models

Abstract

Scalar field cosmologies with a generalized harmonic potential and matter with energy density ${\rho }_m$, pressure $p_m$, and barotropic equation of state (EoS) $p_m=(\gamma -1){\rho }_m,\gamma \in [0,2]$ in Kantowski-Sachs (KS) and closed Friedmann--Lemaître--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) metrics are investigated. We use methods from non--linear dynamical systems theory and averaging theory considering a time--dependent perturbation function $D$. We define a regular dynamical system over a compact phase space, obtaining global results. That is, for KS metric the global late--time attractors of full and time--averaged systems are two anisotropic contracting solutions, which are non--flat locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Kasner and Taub (flat LRS Kasner) for $0\le \gamma \le 2$, and flat FLRW matter--dominated universe if $0\le \gamma \le \frac{2}{3}$. For closed FLRW metric late--time attractors of full and averaged systems are a flat matter--dominated FLRW universe for $0\le \gamma \le \frac{2}{3}$ as in KS and Einstein-de Sitter solution for $0\le \gamma <1$. Therefore, time--averaged system determines future asymptotics of full system. Also, oscillations entering the system through Klein-Gordon (KG) equation can be controlled and smoothed out when $D$ goes monotonically to zero, and incidentally for the whole $D$-range for KS and for closed FLRW (if $0\le \gamma <1$) too. However, for $\gamma \ge 1$ closed FLRW solutions of the full system depart from the solutions of the averaged system as $D$ is large. Our results are supported by numerical simulations.

Research Program Averaging Generalized Scalar Field Cosmologies, part III. 54 pages, 26 compound figures. Extended version