Continuous wave second harmonic generation enabled by quasi-bound-states in the continuum on gallium phosphide metasurfaces

Abstract

Resonant metasurfaces are an attractive platform for enhancing the non-linear optical processes, such as second harmonic generation (SHG), since they can generate very large local electromagnetic fields while relaxing the phase-matching requirements. Here, we take this platform a step closer to the practical applications by demonstrating visible range, continuous wave (CW) SHG. We do so by combining the attractive material properties of gallium phosphide with engineered, high quality-factor photonic modes enabled by bound states in the continuum. For the optimum case, we obtain efficiencies around 5e-5 % W${}^{-1}$ when the system is pumped at 1200 nm wavelength with CW intensities of 1 kW/cm${}^2$. Moreover, we measure external efficiencies as high as 0.1 % W${}^{-1}$ with pump intensities of only 10 MW/cm${}^2$ for pulsed irradiation. This efficiency is higher than the values previously reported for dielectric metasurfaces, but achieved here with pump intensities that are two orders of magnitude lower.

References in corpus (11)

• Asymmetric metasurfaces with high-$Q$ resonances governed by bound states in the continuum
• Resonantly Trapped Bound State in the Continuum Laser
• Individual nanoantennas empowered by bound states in the continuum for nonlinear photonics
• Mode-matching in multiresonant plasmonic nanoantennas for enhanced second harmonic generation
• Resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation using III-V semiconductor all-dielectric metasurfaces
• Integrated gallium phosphide nonlinear photonics
• Monolithic AlGaAs second-harmonic nanoantennas
• Lasing action in single subwavelength particles supporting supercavity modes
• Overcoming the efficiency-bandwidth tradeoff for optical harmonics generation using nonlinear time-variant resonators
• Resonant Asymmetric All-Dielectric Metasurface for Boosting Third-Harmonic Generation
• Functional meta-optics and nanophotonics govern by Mie resonances

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