Large Gap Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Type-I Heterostructure Between a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator and Antiferromagnetic Insulator

Abstract

Heterostructures between topological insulators (TI) and magnetic insulators represent a pathway to realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). Using density functional theory based systematic screening and investigation of thermodynamic, magnetic and topological properties of heterostructures, we demonstrate that forming a type-I heterostructure between a wide gap antiferromagnetic insulator Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ and a TI-film, such as Sb${}_2$Te${}_3$, can lead to pinning of the Fermi-level at the center of the gap, even when magnetically doped. Cr-doping in the heterostructure increases the gap to $\sim$ 64.5 meV, with a large Zeeman energy from the interfacial Cr dopants, thus overcoming potential metallicity due to band bending effects. By fitting the band-structure around the Fermi-level to a 4-band k.p model Hamiltonian, we show that Cr doped Sb${}_2$Te${}_3$/Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ is a Chern insulator with a Chern number C = -1. Transport calculations further show chiral edge-modes localized at the top/bottom of the TI-film to be the dominant current carriers in the material. Our predictions of a large interfacial magnetism due to Cr-dopants, that coupled antiferromagnetically to the AFM substrate is confirmed by our polarised neutron reflectometry measurements on MBE grown Cr doped Sb${}_2$Te${}_3$/Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ heterostructures, and is consistent with a positive exchange bias measured in such systems recently. Consequently, Cr doped Sb${}_2$Te${}_3$/Cr${}_2$O${}_3$ heterostructure represents a promising platform for the development of functional topological magnetic devices, with high tunability.