Sequence-based Dynamic Handwriting Analysis for Parkinson's Disease Detection with One-dimensional Convolutions and BiGRUs

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly characterized by several motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor. The analysis of patients' fine motor control, particularly handwriting, is a powerful tool to support PD assessment. Over the years, various dynamic attributes of handwriting, such as pen pressure, stroke speed, in-air time, etc., which can be captured with the help of online handwriting acquisition tools, have been evaluated for the identification of PD. Motion events, and their associated spatio-temporal properties captured in online handwriting, enable effective classification of PD patients through the identification of unique sequential patterns. This paper proposes a novel classification model based on one-dimensional convolutions and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs) to assess the potential of sequential information of handwriting in identifying Parkinsonian symptoms. One-dimensional convolutions are applied to raw sequences as well as derived features; the resulting sequences are then fed to BiGRU layers to achieve the final classification. The proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art approaches on the PaHaW dataset and achieved competitive results on the NewHandPD dataset.

References in corpus (9)

• Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
• Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
• A Critical Review of Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequence Learning
• Evaluation of handwriting kinematics and pressure for differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
• A Perspective Analysis of Handwritten Signature Technology
• Handwriting Biometrics: Applications and Future Trends in e-Security and e-Health
• Dynamically enhanced static handwriting representation for Parkinson's disease detection
• Analysis and Evaluation of Handwriting in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Using kinematic, Geometrical, and Non-linear Features
• iDeLog: Iterative Dual Spatial and Kinematic Extraction of Sigma-Lognormal Parameters