Generalized Adler-Moser Polynomials and Multiple vortex rings for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Abstract

New finite energy traveling wave solutions with small speed are constructed for the three dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation \begin{equation*} iΨ_t= ΔΨ+(1-|Ψ|^2)Ψ, \end{equation*} where $\Psi$ is a complex valued function defined on ${\mathbb{R}}^3\times \mathbb{R}$. These solutions have the shape of $2n+1$ vortex rings, far away from each other. Among these vortex rings, $n+1$ of them have positive orientation and the other $n$ of them have negative orientation. The location of these rings are described by the roots of a sequence of polynomials with rational coefficients. The polynomials found here can be regarded as a generalization of the classical Adler-Moser polynomials and can be expressed as the Wronskian of certain very special functions. The techniques used in the derivation of these polynomials should have independent interest.

40 pages; comments are welcome