Efficient Hamiltonian Simulation for Solving Option Price Dynamics
arXiv:2101.04023 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043220
Abstract
Pricing financial derivatives, in particular European-style options at different time-maturities and strikes, means a relevant problem in finance. The dynamics describing the price of vanilla options when constant volatilities and interest rates are assumed, is governed by the Black-Scholes model, a linear parabolic partial differential equation with terminal value given by the pay-off of the option contract and no additional boundary conditions. Here, we present a digital quantum algorithm to solve Black-Scholes equation on a quantum computer by mapping it to the Schrödinger equation. The non-Hermitian nature of the resulting Hamiltonian is solved by embedding its propagator into an enlarged Hilbert space by using only one additional ancillary qubit. Moreover, due to the choice of periodic boundary conditions, given by the definition of the discretized momentum operator, we duplicate the initial condition, which substantially improves the stability and performance of the protocol. The algorithm shows a feasible approach for using efficient Hamiltonian simulation techniques as Quantum Signal Processing to solve the price dynamics of financial derivatives on a digital quantum computer. Our approach differs from those based on Monte Carlo integration, exclusively focused on sampling the solution assuming the dynamics is known. We report expected accuracy levels comparable to classical numerical algorithms by using 9 qubits to simulate its dynamics on a fault-tolerant quantum computer, and an expected success probability of the post-selection procedure due to the embedding protocol above 60%.
References in corpus (60)
- Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
- Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"
- Quantum Simulation
- Hamiltonian Simulation by Qubitization
- Optimal Hamiltonian Simulation by Quantum Signal Processing
- Synthesis of Quantum Logic Circuits
- Efficient quantum algorithms for simulating sparse Hamiltonians
- Quantum computing for finance: overview and prospects
- Toward the first quantum simulation with quantum speedup
- Digitized adiabatic quantum computing with a superconducting circuit
- Quantum Computing for Finance: State of the Art and Future Prospects
- A random compiler for fast Hamiltonian simulation
- Quantum-state preparation with universal gate decompositions
- Quantum speedup of Monte Carlo methods
- Quantum Risk Analysis
- Quantum computational finance: Monte Carlo pricing of financial derivatives
- Efficient quantum algorithm for dissipative nonlinear differential equations
- Reverse Quantum Annealing Approach to Portfolio Optimization Problems
- Option Pricing using Quantum Computers
- Iterative Quantum Amplitude Estimation
- Quantum algorithms and the finite element method
- Digitization of Scalar Fields for Quantum Computing
- High-precision quantum algorithms for partial differential equations
- Quantum Algorithm for Simulating the Wave Equation
- Quantum computers as universal quantum simulators: state-of-art and perspectives
- Dynamic Portfolio Optimization with Real Datasets Using Quantum Processors and Quantum-Inspired Tensor Networks
- Hamiltonian Simulation Using Linear Combinations of Unitary Operations
- Time-dependent Hamiltonian simulation with -norm scaling
- A Threshold for Quantum Advantage in Derivative Pricing
- Digital quantum computation of fermion-boson interacting systems
- Improved quantum algorithms for linear and nonlinear differential equations
- A Quantum Algorithm for Solving Linear Differential Equations: Theory and Experiment
- Physics counterpart of the PT non-hermitian tight-binding chain
- Forecasting financial crashes with quantum computing
- Quantum-inspired algorithms for multivariate analysis: from interpolation to partial differential equations
- Hamiltonian Simulation Algorithms for Near-Term Quantum Hardware
- Fixed Depth Hamiltonian Simulation via Cartan Decomposition
- Towards Pricing Financial Derivatives with an IBM Quantum Computer
- Quantum Algorithms for Mixed Binary Optimization applied to Transaction Settlement
- Quantum-accelerated multilevel Monte Carlo methods for stochastic differential equations in mathematical finance
- Preparation of many-body states for quantum simulation
- Quantum unary approach to option pricing
- Efficient State Preparation for Quantum Amplitude Estimation
- Practical Quantum Computing: solving the wave equation using a quantum approach
- First-Order Trotter Error from a Second-Order Perspective
- Quantum algorithms for approximate function loading
- Fitted Finite Volume Method for a Generalized Black-Scholes Equation Transformed on Finite Interval
- Quantum Resources Required to Block-Encode a Matrix of Classical Data
- A variational quantum algorithm for the Feynman-Kac formula
- Quantum algorithm for time-dependent Hamiltonian simulation by permutation expansion
- Characterization and Verification of Trotterized Digital Quantum Simulation via Hamiltonian and Liouvillian Learning
- Quantum circuits design for evaluating transcendental functions based on a function-value binary expansion method
- An Algebraic Quantum Circuit Compression Algorithm for Hamiltonian Simulation
- Embedding Quantum Simulators for Quantum Computation of Entanglement
- A quantum hamiltonian simulation benchmark
- A weighted finite difference method for subdiffusive Black Scholes Model
- Quantum algorithm for stochastic optimal stopping problems with applications in finance
- Towards Prediction of Financial Crashes with a D-Wave Quantum Computer
- A computational weighted finite difference method for American and barrier options in subdiffusive Black-Scholes model
- Conditional Generative Models for Learning Stochastic Processes
Cited by in corpus (11)
- Efficient quantum amplitude encoding of polynomial functions
- Quantum Variational Solving of Nonlinear and Multi-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations
- Mitigating noise in digital and digital-analog quantum computation
- Efficient explicit gate construction of block-encoding for Hamiltonians needed for simulating partial differential equations
- Protocols for Trainable and Differentiable Quantum Generative Modelling
- Quantum Carleman linearisation efficiency in nonlinear fluid dynamics
- Simulating the non-Hermitian dynamics of financial option pricing with quantum computers
- Efficient explicit circuit for quantum state preparation of piecewise continuous functions
- Quantum state preparation via piecewise QSVT
- Divergence-free algorithms for solving nonlinear differential equations on quantum computers
- Quantum Framework for Simulating Linear PDEs with Robin Boundary Conditions