Review of the particle background of the Athena X-IFU instrument

Abstract

X-ray observations are limited by the background, due to intrinsic faintness or diffuse nature of the sources. The future Athena X-ray observatory has among its goals the characterization of these sources. We aim at characterizing the particle-induced background of the Athena microcalorimeter, in both its low (Soft Protons) and high (GCR) energy induced components, to assess the instrument capability to characterize background dominated sources such as the outskirts of clusters of galaxies. We compare two radiation environments, namely the L1 and L2 Lagrangian points, and derive indications against the latter. We estimate the particle-induced background level on the X-IFU microcalorimeter with Monte Carlo simulations, before and after all the solutions adopted to reduce its level. Concerning the GCR induced component the background level is compliant with the mission requirement. Regarding the Soft Protons component, the analysis does not predict dramatically different backgrounds in the L1 and L2 orbits. However, the lack of data concerning the L2 environment labels it as very weakly characterizable, and thus we advise against its choice as orbit for X-ray missions. We then use these background levels to simulate the observation of a typical galaxy cluster from its center out to 1.2 R200 to probe the characterization capabilities of the instrument out to the outskirts. We find that without any background reduction it is not possible to characterize the properties of the cluster in the outer regions. We also find no improvement of the observations when carried out during the solar maximum with respect to the solar minimum conditions.

References in corpus (18)

• Atomic Data for Astrophysics. II. New Analytic Fits for Photoionization Cross Sections of Atoms and Ions
• Updated Atomic Data and Calculations for X-ray Spectroscopy
• Time dependence of the proton flux measured by PAMELA during the July 2006 - December 2009 solar minimum
• Radial temperature profiles for a large sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton
• The gas distribution in the outer regions of galaxy clusters
• Radial metallicity profiles for a large sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton
• Time dependence of the e^- flux measured by PAMELA during the July 2006 - December 2009 solar minimum
• Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of secondary nuclei with GALPROP/HelMod framework and a hint for primary lithium in cosmic rays
• Deciphering the local Interstellar spectra of primary cosmic ray species with HelMod
• HelMod in the works: from direct observations to the local interstellar spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons
• Measuring turbulence and gas motions in galaxy clusters via synthetic Athena X-IFU observations
• Iron in X-COP: tracing enrichment in cluster outskirts with high accuracy abundance profiles
• Annual Cosmic Ray Spectra from 250 MeV up to 1.6 GeV from 1995 - 2014 Measured With the Electron Proton Helium Instrument onboard SOHO
• A critical assessment of the metal content of the ICM
• In-orbit background of X-ray microcalorimeters and its effects on observations
• Towards mapping turbulence in the intra-cluster medium -- II. Measurement uncertainties in the estimation of structure functions
• The polytropic state of the intracluster medium in the X-COP cluster sample
• The particle background of the X-IFU instrument

Cited by in corpus (8)

• A Review of X-ray Microcalorimeters Based on Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors for Astrophysics and Particle Physics
• ATHENA X-IFU Demonstration Model: First joint operation of the main TES Array and its Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector (CryoAC)
• The TES-based Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector (CryoAC) of ATHENA X-IFU: a large area silicon microcalorimeter for background particles detection
• Unveiling the origin of XMM-Newton soft proton flares: I. Design and validation of a response matrix for proton spectral analysis
• The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase
• The end-to-end simulator of the ATHENA X-IFU Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC)
• The TES-based Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector of ATHENA X-IFU: Validation of the thermal end-to-end simulator towards the updated Demonstration Model (DM 1.1)
• Future Detections of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium using Bright Power Law Sources with NewAthena