Fast Flavor Oscillations of Astrophysical Neutrinos with $1,2,\dots ,\infty$ Crossings

Abstract

In the early Universe, as well as in supernovae and merging neutron stars, neutrinos have such high densities that they affect each other and exhibit collective flavor oscillations. A crucial ingredient for fast collective flavor oscillations is that the electron lepton number (ELN) distribution changes its sign as a function of direction, i.e., has a zero crossing. We present a study in two dimensions and show how fast flavor oscillations depend on the ELN and its crossings. We show that a large number of crossings can inhibit flavor oscillations. This may be a natural self-limiting mechanism that stabilizes the flavor content of the dense neutrino gas in a vast majority of scenarios, especially the early Universe, where the angular distributions for all flavors are very similar and crossings occur mainly due to fluctuations.

25 pages, 6 figures

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• Neutrino Flavor Conversions in High-Density Astrophysical and Cosmological Environments
• Neutrino Flavor Pendulum Reloaded: The Case of Fast Pairwise Conversion
• Code Comparison for Fast Flavor Instability Simulation
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