Motional heating of spatially extended ion crystals

Abstract

We study heating of motional modes of a single ion and of extended ion crystals trapped in a linear radio frequency (rf) Paul trap with a precision of $\Delta \dot{\bar{n}}\approx 0.2$ phonons s${}^{-1}$. Single-ion axial and radial heating rates are consistent and electric field noise has been stable over the course of four years. At a secular frequency of ${\omega }_{\sec }=2\pi \times 620$ kHz, we measure $\dot{\bar{n}}=0.56(6)$ phonons s${}^{-1}$ per ion for the center-of-mass (com) mode of linear chains of up to eleven ions and observe no significant heating of the out-of-phase (oop) modes. By displacing the ions away from the nodal line, inducing excess micromotion, rf noise heats the com mode quadratically as a function of radial displacement $r$ by $\dot{\bar{n}}(r)/r^2=0.89(4)$ phonons s${}^{-1}$ $\mu$m${}^{-2}$ per ion, while the oop modes are protected from rf-noise induced heating in linear chains. By changing the quality factor of the resonant rf circuit from $Q=542$ to $Q=204$, we observe an increase of rf noise by a factor of up to 3. We show that the rf-noise induced heating of motional modes of extended crystals also depends on the symmetry of the crystal and of the mode itself. As an example, we consider several 2D and 3D crystal configurations. Heating rates of up to 500 phonons s${}^{-1}$ are observed for individual modes, giving rise to a total kinetic energy increase and thus a fractional time dilation shift of up to $-0.3\times 10^{-18}$ s${}^{-1}$ of the total system. In addition, we detail on how the excitation probability of the individual ions is reduced and decoherence is increased due to the Debye-Waller effect.

References in corpus (36)

• Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
• Experimental issues in coherent quantum-state manipulation of trapped atomic ions
• Observation of a Many-Body Dynamical Phase Transition with a 53-Qubit Quantum Simulator
• Quantum dynamics of cold trapped ions, with application to quantum computation
• Hunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks
• Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ and constraints on the time-variation of fundamental constants
• Ion-trap measurements of electric-field noise near surfaces
• Improved limit on a temporal variation of $m_p/m_e$ from comparisons of Yb${}^{+}$ and Cs atomic clocks
• Optical clock comparison test of Lorentz symmetry
• Cooling the Collective Motion of Trapped Ions to Initialize a Quantum Register
• Improved limits for violations of local position invariance from atomic clock comparisons
• Probing new light force-mediators by isotope shift spectroscopy
• High fidelity transport of trapped-ion qubits through an X-junction trap array
• EIT ground-state cooling of long ion strings
• Evidence for Nonlinear Isotope Shift in Yb${}^{+}$ Search for New Boson
• Precise determination of micromotion for trapped-ion optical clocks
• Isotope shift, non-linearity of King plots and the search for new particles
• Linear Paul trap design for an optical clock with Coulomb crystals
• Phonon-phonon interactions due to non-linear effects in a linear ion trap
• A high-precision rf trap with minimized micromotion for an In+ multiple-ion clock
• Nonlinear coupling of continuous variables at the single quantum level
• Improved isotope-shift-based bounds on bosons beyond the Standard Model through measurements of the ${}^2$D${}_{3/2}{-}^2$D${}_{5/2}$ interval in Ca${}^{+}$
• Controlling systematic frequency uncertainties at the $10^{-19}$ level in linear Coulomb crystals
• Prospects for atomic clocks based on large ion crystals
• Measuring anomalous heating in a planar ion trap with variable ion-surface separation
• Generalized King linearity and new physics searches with isotope shifts
• New ideas for tests of Lorentz invariance with atomic systems
• An ion ring in a linear multipole trap for optical frequency metrology
• Theory of Cross Phase Modulation for the Vibrational Modes of Trapped Ions
• 2D ion crystals in radiofrequency traps for quantum simulation
• Part-per-billion measurement of the $4^2{S}_{1/2}\to 3^2{D}_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transition isotope shifts between ${}^{42,44,48}$Ca${}^{+}$ and ${}^{40}$Ca${}^{+}$
• Suppressing inhomogeneous broadening in a lutetium multi-ion optical clock
• Prospects of reaching the quantum regime in Li-Yb${}^{+}$ mixtures
• Doppler cooling of calcium ions using a dipole-forbidden transition
• Spin Dephasing as a Probe of Mode Temperature, Motional State Distributions, and Heating Rates in a 2D Ion Crystal
• Cooling atomic ions with visible and infra-red light

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Scalable and Programmable Phononic Network with Trapped Ions
• Improved bounds on Lorentz violation from composite-pulse Ramsey spectroscopy in a trapped ion
• Programmable quantum simulations of bosonic systems with trapped ions
• The physics and applications of strongly coupled plasmas levitated in electrodynamic traps
• Evaluation of a ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ optical clock with a direct measurement of the blackbody radiation shift and determination of the clock frequency
• Quantum nanofriction in trapped ion chains with a topological defect
• Sideband thermometry of ion crystals
• Demonstration of two-dimensional connectivity for a scalable error-corrected ion-trap quantum processor architecture
• Electric Field Distortions in Surface Ion Traps with Integrated Nanophotonics
• Scalable chip-based 3D ion traps
• Doubling Qubits in a Trapped-Ion System via Vibrational Dual-Rail Encoding