Universal separability criterion for arbitrary density matrices from causal properties of separable and entangled quantum states

Abstract

General physical background of Peres-Horodecki positive partial transpose (ppt-) separability criterion is revealed. Especially, the physical sense of partial transpose operation is shown to be equivalent to the "local causality reversal" (LCR-) procedure for all separable quantum systems or to the uncertainty in a global time arrow direction in all entangled cases. Using these universal causal considerations the heuristic causal separability criterion has been proposed for arbitrary $D^N\times D^N$ density matrices acting in ${\mathcal{H}}_D^{\otimes N}$ Hilbert spaces which describe the ensembles of $N$ quantum systems of $D$ eigenstates each. Resulting general formulas have been then analyzed for the widest special type of one-parametric density matrices of arbitrary dimensionality, which model equivalent quantum subsystems being equally connected (EC-) with each other by means of a single entnaglement parameter $p$. In particular, for the family of such EC-density matrices it has been found that there exists a number of $N$- and $D$-dependent separability (or entanglement) thresholds $p_{th}(N,D)$ which in the case of a qubit-pair density matrix in ${\mathcal{H}}_2\otimes {\mathcal{H}}_2$ Hilbert space are shown to reduce to well-known results obtained earlier by Peres [5] and Horodecki [6]. As the result, a number of remarkable features of the entanglement thresholds for EC-density matrices has been described for the first time. All novel results being obtained for the family of arbitrary EC-density matrices are shown to be applicable for a wide range of both interacting and non-interacting multi-partite quantum systems, such as arrays of qubits, spin chains, ensembles of quantum oscillators, strongly correlated quantum many-body systems with the possibility of many-body localization, etc.

31 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Measuring the integrated information of a quantum mechanism