Superfluid $\beta$ phase in liquid ${}^3$He

Abstract

We report the first observation of superfluid $\beta$ phase of ${}^3$He. This phase is realized in ${}^3$He in nematic aerogel in presence of high magnetic field right below the superfluid transition temperature. We use a vibrating aerogel resonator to detect the transition to the $\beta$ phase and measure the region of existence of this phase.

5 pages, 5 figures. In previous version, temperature was determined under an assumption that on warming, it changes linearly with time. Although a splitting of 3He superfluid transition in aerogel was observed, the splitting asymmetry made us doubt the correctness of this assumption. Therefore, we improved the thermometry and repeated experiments, which results we present in this version