Quantum fluctuations of energy in subsystems of a hot relativistic gas

Abstract

We derive a formula that defines quantum fluctuations of energy in subsystems of a hot relativistic gas. For small subsystem sizes we find substantial increase of fluctuations compared to those known from standard thermodynamic considerations. However, if the size of the subsystem is sufficiently large, we reproduce the result for energy fluctuations in the canonical ensemble. Our results are subsequently used in the context of relativistic heavy-ion collisions to introduce limitations of the concepts such as classical energy density or fluid element. In the straightforward way, our formula can be applied in other fields of physics, wherever one deals with hot and relativistic matter.

arXiv comment11 pages, 4 figures, Matches with the published version, Published in Acta Physica Polonica B, Vol. 52 (2021), page no: 1395-1404

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• Therminator: Thermal heavy-Ion generator
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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Pseudo-gauge dependence of quantum fluctuations of energy in a hot relativistic gas of fermions
• Collective dynamics of polarized spin-half fermions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Nonlinear waves in a hot, viscous and nonextensive quark gluon plasma
• Quantum baryon number fluctuations in subsystems of a hot and dense relativistic gas of fermions
• Quantum statistical fluctuation of energy and its novel pseudo-gauge dependence