On Squared Distance Matrix of Complete Multipartite Graphs

Abstract

Let $G=K_{n_1,n_2,\cdots ,n_t}$ be a complete $t$-partite graph on $n={\sum }_{i=1}^t{n}_i$ vertices. The distance between vertices $i$ and $j$ in $G$, denoted by $d_{ij}$ is defined to be the length of the shortest path between $i$ and $j$. The squared distance matrix $\Delta (G)$ of $G$ is the $n\times n$ matrix with $(i,j{)}^{th}$ entry equal to $0$ if $i=j$ and equal to $d_{ij}^2$ if $i\ne j$. We define the squared distance energy $E_{\Delta }(G)$ of $G$ to be the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. We determine the inertia of $\Delta (G)$ and compute the squared distance energy $E_{\Delta }(G)$. More precisely, we prove that if $n_i\ge 2$ for $1\le i\le t$, then $E_{\Delta }(G)=8(n-t)$ and if $h=|\{i:n_i=1\}|\ge 1$, then $$8(n-t)+2(h-1)\le E_{\Delta }(G)<8(n-t)+2h.$$ Furthermore, we show that for a fixed value of $n$ and $t$, both the spectral radius of the squared distance matrix and the squared distance energy of complete $t$-partite graphs on $n$ vertices are maximal for complete split graph $S_{n,t}$ and minimal for Tur{á}n graph $T_{n,t}$.