Impurity dephasing in a Bose-Hubbard model

Abstract

We study the dynamics of a two-level impurity embedded in a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at zero temperature from an open quantum system perspective. Results for the decoherence across the whole phase diagram are presented, with a focus on the critical region close to the transition between superfluid and Mott insulator. In particular, we show how the decoherence and the deviation from a Markovian behaviour are sensitive to whether the transition is crossed at commensurate or incommensurate densities. The role of the spectrum of the Bose-Hubbard environment and its non-Gaussian statistics, beyond the standard independent boson model, is highlighted. Our analysis resorts on a recently developed method [Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033276 (2020)] - closely related to slave boson approaches - that enables us to capture the correlations across the whole phase diagram. This semi-analytical method provides us with a deep insight into the physics of the spin decoherence in the superfluid and Mott phases as well as close to the phase transitions.

27 pages (main text: 14 pages), 6 figures

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• Engineering non-Markovianity from defect-phonon interactions
• Persistent nonlocality in an ultracold-atom environment
• Counterflow of lattice polarons in harmonically confined optical lattices
• Many-body quantum optics in a Bose-Hubbard waveguide