A theoretical framework of BL Her stars. I. Effect of metallicity and convection parameters on period-luminosity and period-radius relations

Abstract

We present a new grid of convective BL Herculis models using the state-of-the-art 1D non-linear radial stellar pulsation tool MESA-RSP. We investigate the impact of metallicity and four sets of different convection parameters on multi-wavelength properties. Non-linear models were computed for periods typical for BL Her stars, i.e. $1\le \mathrm{P}(\mathrm{days})\le 4$ covering a wide range of input parameters - metallicity ($-2.0\mathrm{dex}\le [Fe/H]\le 0.0\mathrm{dex}$), stellar mass (0.5M${}_{\odot }$-0.8M${}_{\odot }$), luminosity (50L${}_{\odot }$-300L${}_{\odot }$) and effective temperature (full extent of the instability strip; in steps of 50K). The total number of BL Her models with full-amplitude stable pulsations used in this study is 10280 across the four sets of convection parameters. We obtain their multiband ($UBVRIJHKL{L}^{\prime }M$) light curves and derive new theoretical period-luminosity ($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) and period-radius ($PR$) relations at mean light. We find that the models computed with radiative cooling show statistically similar slopes for $PL$, $PW$ and $PR$ relations. Most empirical relations match well with the theoretical $PL$, $PW$ and $PR$ relations from the BL Her models computed using the four sets of convection parameters. However, $PL$ slopes of the models with radiative cooling provide a better match to empirical relations for BL Her stars in the LMC in the $H{K}_S$ bands. For each set of convection parameters, the effect of metallicity is significant in $U$ and $B$-bands and negligible in infrared bands, which is consistent with empirical results. No significant metallicity effects are seen in the $PR$ relations.

15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The Period-Luminosity and Period-Wesenheit Relations for Type II Cepheids
• Temperature dependent convective parameters for RRc 1D-models
• A multiphase study of theoretical and observed light curves of classical Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds
• Type II and anomalous Cepheids in the Kepler K2 mission
• A theoretical framework for BL Her stars III. A case study: Robust light curve optimisation in the LMC