Observation of an electric quadrupole transition in a negative ion: Experiment and Theory

Abstract

The first direct experimental observation of an electric quadrupole ($\text{E}$2) transition between bound states of an atomic negative ion has been made. The transition was observed in the negative ion of bismuth by resonant (1+1) photodetachment from Bi${}^{-}$ ${}^3{\text{P}}_2$ via excitation of the Bi${}^{-}$ ${}^3{\text{P}}_0$ fine structure state. The $\text{E}$2 transition properties were independently calculated using a hybrid theoretical approach to account for the strong multi-level electron interactions and relativistic effects. The experimental and theoretical results are in excellent agreement, providing valuable new insights into this complex system and forbidden transitions in negative ions.

arXiv comment7 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

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