Quantum communication capacity transition of complex quantum networks

Abstract

Quantum network is the key to enable distributed quantum information processing. As the single-link communication rate decays exponentially with the distance, to enable reliable end-to-end quantum communication, the number of nodes needs to grow with the network scale. For highly connected networks, we identify a threshold transition in the capacity as the density of network nodes increases---below a critical density, the rate is almost zero, while above the threshold the rate increases linearly with the density. Surprisingly, above the threshold the typical communication capacity between two nodes is independent of the distance between them, due to multi-path routing enabled by the quantum network. In contrast, for less connected networks such as scale-free networks, the end-to-end capacity saturates to constants as the number of nodes increases, and always decays with the distance. Our results are based on capacity evaluations, therefore the minimum density requirement for an appreciable capacity applies to any general protocols of quantum networks.

arXiv comment11 pages 13 figures

References in corpus (29)

• Emergence of scaling in random networks
• Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer
• The Quantum Internet
• Good Quantum Error-Correcting Codes Exist
• Quantum Communication
• Encoding a qubit in an oscillator
• General Benchmarks for Quantum Repeaters
• Fundamental Limits of Repeaterless Quantum Communications
• Modeling the Internet's Large-Scale Topology
• Efficient long distance quantum communication
• Fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for optical quantum key distribution
• Classical capacity of the lossy bosonic channel: the exact solution
• Quantum Repeater with Encoding
• End-to-end capacities of a quantum communication network
• Entanglement Percolation in Quantum Networks
• Direct and Reverse Secret-Key Capacities of a Quantum Channel
• Ultimate communication capacity of quantum optical channels by solving the Gaussian minimum-entropy conjecture
• Complex Networks from Classical to Quantum
• Quantum Repeaters Using Continuous Variable Teleportation
• Fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for the quantum internet
• Repeaters for Continuous Variable Quantum Communication
• Quantum repeater for continuous variable entanglement distribution
• Statistical properties of the quantum internet
• Designing Quantum Networks Using Preexisting Infrastructure
• Optimising repeater schemes for the quantum internet
• Continuous-variable quantum repeater based on quantum scissors and mode multiplexing
• Robustness of Noisy Quantum Networks
• One way quantum repeaters with quantum Reed-Solomon codes
• Entanglement formation in continuous-variable random quantum networks

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Advances in Space Quantum Communications
• Towards real-world quantum networks: a review
• Complex Quantum Networks: a Topical Review
• Robustness of Noisy Quantum Networks
• Analytical Methods for High-Rate Global Quantum Networks
• End-to-End Capacities of Hybrid Quantum Networks
• Complex quantum network models from spin clusters
• End-to-End Capacities of Imperfect-Repeater Quantum Networks
• Practical Routing and Criticality in Large-Scale Quantum Communication Networks
• Routing Entanglement in Complex Quantum Networks Using GHZ States
• End-to-end entanglement of quantum network paths with multi-parameter states