Solar Energetic Particles (Second Edition)

Abstract

In a field overflowing with beautiful images of the Sun, solar energetic particle (SEP) events are a hidden asset, perhaps a secret weapon, that can sample the solar corona and carry away unique imprints of its most bizarre and violent physics. Only recently have we found that the abundances of the elements in SEPs carry a wealth of data, not only on their own acceleration and history, but on plasma temperatures at their source, and on aspects of the genesis of the corona itself. SEPs are the tangible product of differing energetic outbursts at the Sun. They come in extremes. Little "impulsive" SEP events from magnetic reconnection in solar jets (also in flares), have most unusual 1000-fold resonant enhancements of 3He and of heavy elements like Au or Pb, while large "gradual" SEP events accelerated at shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), sample the composition of the corona itself, but also accelerate GeV protons that threaten Mars-bound astronauts with hazardous radiation. Direct SEP measurements plus solar images provide complimentary, "multi-messenger" data on high-energy physics at the Sun.

202 pages, 122 figures, to be published open access by Springer

References in corpus (11)

• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Solar Chemical Abundances Determined with a CO5BOLD 3D Model Atmosphere
• The Two Sources of Solar Energetic Particles
• Full-Sun observations for identifying the source of the slow solar wind
• Impulsive and Long Duration High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission From the Very Bright 2012 March 7 Solar Flares
• High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From Solar Flares: Summary of Fermi LAT Detections and Analysis of Two M-Class Flares
• Observations of the December 13 and 14, 2006, Solar Particle Events in the 80 MeV/n - 3 GeV/n range from space with PAMELA detector
• Four Distinct Pathways to the Element Abundances in Solar Energetic Particles
• The "FIP Effect" and the Origins of Solar Energetic Particles and of the Solar Wind
• Helium Suppression in Impulsive Solar Energetic-Particle Events
• Corotating Shock Waves and the Solar-Wind Source of Energetic Ion Abundances: Power Laws in A/Q

Cited by in corpus (32)

• The 17 April 2021 widespread solar energetic particle event
• CMEs and SEPs During November-December 2020: A Challenge for Real-Time Space Weather Forecasting
• COCONUT, a novel fast-converging MHD model for solar corona simulations: II. Assessing the impact of the input magnetic map on space-weather forecasting at minimum of activity
• New Evidence on the Origin of Solar Wind Microstreams/Switchbacks
• Sixty Years of Element Abundance Measurements in Solar Energetic Particles
• Multiple injections of energetic electrons associated with the flare/CME event on 9 October 2021
• Bridging the gap between Monte Carlo simulations and measurements of the LISA Pathfinder test-mass charging for LISA
• The Long Period of 3He-rich Solar Energetic Particles Measured by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 17-23
• How Do Shock Waves Define the Space-Time Structure of Gradual Solar Energetic Particle Events?
• Solar Energetic Particle Time Series Analysis with Python
• The multi-spacecraft high-energy solar particle event of 28 October 2021
• On the Correlation between Energy Spectra and Element Abundances in Solar Energetic Particles
• Shock and SEP Modeling Study for the 5 September 2022 SEP Event
• Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations I. Solar flares
• Solar Energetic Particles: Spatial Extent and Implications of the H and He Abundances
• Energy Spectra vs. Element Abundances in Solar Energetic Particles and the Roles of Magnetic Reconnection and Shock Acceleration
• Variability of interplanetary shock and associated energetic particle properties as a function of the time window around the shock
• Preferential acceleration of heavy ions in magnetic reconnection: Hybrid-kinetic simulations with electron inertia
• Statistical Study of the Correlation between Solar Energetic Particles and Properties of Active Regions
• Seeds and Sequences of Element Abundances in Solar Energetic Particle Events
• Energetic particle acceleration and transport with the novel Icarus$+$PARADISE model
• PSP/IS$\odot$IS Observation of a Solar Energetic Particle Event Associated With a Streamer Blowout Coronal Mass Ejection During Encounter 6
• Solar flare catalog from 3 years of Chandrayaan-2 XSM observations
• Particle monitoring capability of the Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph through the increasing phase of solar cycle 25
• Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations II. Coronal Mass Ejections
• The Random Hivemind: An Ensemble Deep Learner Application to Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Problem
• Solar Particle Acceleration
• Helium Abundance of the Sun: A Spectroscopic Analysis
• LISA test-mass charging. Particle flux modeling, Monte Carlo simulations and induced effects on the sensitivity of the observatory
• Time-resolved X-ray spectra of Proxima Centauri as seen by XMM-Newton
• Multi-spacecraft constraints on relativistic solar energetic particle transport in the widespread 28 October 2021 event
• A Neural-Network Framework for Tracking and Identification of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei in the RadMap Telescope