Order-preserving dynamics in one dimension -- single-file diffusion and caging from the perspective of dynamical density functional theory

Abstract

Dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) is a powerful variational framework to study the nonequilibrium properties of colloids by only considering a time-dependent one-body number density. Despite the large number of recent successes, properly modeling the long-time dynamics in interacting systems within DDFT remains a notoriously difficult problem, since structural information, accounting for temporary or permanent particle cages, gets lost. Here we address such a caging scenario by reducing it to a clean one-dimensional problem, where the particles are naturally ordered (arranged on a line) by perfect cages created by their two next neighbors. In particular, we construct a DDFT approximation based on an equilibrium system with an asymmetric pair potential, such that the corresponding one-body densities still carry the footprint of particle order. Applied to a system of confined hard rods, this order-preserving dynamics (OPD) yields exact results at the system boundaries, in addition to the imprinted correct long-time behavior of density profiles representing individual particles. In an open system, our approach correctly reproduces the reduced long-time diffusion coefficient and subdiffusion, characteristic for a single-file setup. These observations cannot be made using current forms of DDFT without particle order.

A limited number of open eprints of the original article is available at https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/MNBYTHZKYBH3QQH5T5PA/full?target=10.1080/00268976.2020.1867250

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• Exact anisotropic properties of hard spheres in narrow cylindrical confinement
• How to distinguish between indistinguishable particles