On $L$-Functions of Modular Elliptic Curves and Certain $K3$ Surfaces

Abstract

Inspired by Lehmer's conjecture on the nonvanishing of the Ramanujan $\tau$-function, one may ask whether an odd integer $\alpha$ can be equal to $\tau (n)$ or any coefficient of a newform $f(z)$. Balakrishnan, Craig, Ono, and Tsai used the theory of Lucas sequences and Diophantine analysis to characterize non-admissible values of newforms of even weight $k\ge 4$. We use these methods for weight $2$ and $3$ newforms and apply our results to $L$-functions of modular elliptic curves and certain $K3$ surfaces with Picard number $\ge 19$. In particular, for the complete list of weight $3$ newforms $f_{\lambda }(z)=\sum a_{\lambda }(n)q^n$ that are $\eta$-products, and for $N_{\lambda }$ the conductor of some elliptic curve $E_{\lambda }$, we show that if $|a_{\lambda }(n)|<100$ is odd with $n>1$ and $(n,2N_{\lambda })=1$, then \begin{align*} a_λ(n) \in \,& \{-5,9,\pm 11,25, \pm41, \pm 43, -45,\pm47,49, \pm53,55, \pm59, \pm61, \pm 67\}\\ & \,\,\, \cup \, \{-69,\pm 71, \pm 73,75, \pm79,\pm81, \pm 83, \pm89,\pm 93 \pm 97, 99\}. \end{align*} Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we can rule out a few more possibilities leaving \begin{align*} a_λ(n) \in \{-5,9,\pm 11,25,-45,49,55,-69,75,\pm 81,\pm 93, 99\}. \end{align*}

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