Single-photon-level sub-Doppler pump-probe spectroscopy of rubidium

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate pump-probe spectroscopy of rubidium absorption which reveals the sub-Doppler hyperfine structure of the ${}^5$S${}_{1/2}\leftrightarrow$ ${}^5$P${}_{3/2}$ (D2) transitions. The counter propagating pump and probe lasers are independently tunable in frequency, with the probe operating at the single-photon-level. The two-dimensional spectrum measured as the laser frequencies are scanned shows fluorescence, Doppler-broadened absorption dips and sub-Doppler features. The detuning between the pump and probe lasers allows compensation of the Doppler shift for all atomic velocities in the room temperature vapor, meaning we observe sub-Doppler features for all atoms in the beam. We detail a theoretical model of the system which incorporates fluorescence, saturation effects and optical pumping and compare this with the measured spectrum, finding a mean absolute percentage error of 4.17\%. In the future this technique could assist in frequency stabilization of lasers, and the single-photon-level probe could be replaced by a single photon source.

arXiv comment5 page paper, 4 page supplemental material. Comments welcome

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