Entropy production due to adiabatic particle creation in a holographic dissipative cosmology

Abstract

Cosmological adiabatic particle creation results in the generation of irreversible entropy. The evolution of this entropy is examined in a flat Friedmann--Robertson--Walker universe at late times, using a dissipative model with a power-law term (proportional to the power of the Hubble parameter $H$). In a dissipative universe, the irreversible entropy included in the Hubble volume is found to be proportional to $H^{-1}$, unlike for the case of the Bekenstein--Hawking entropy on the horizon of the universe. In addition, the evolution of the horizon entropy is examined, extending the previous analysis of a non-dissipative universe [Phys.\ Rev.\ D \textbf{100}, 123545 (2019) (arXiv:1911.08306)]. In the present model, the generalized second law of thermodynamics is always satisfied, whereas the maximization of entropy is satisfied under specific conditions. The dissipative universe should be constrained by the entropy maximization as if the universe behaves as an ordinary, isolated macroscopic system. The thermodynamic constraints are likely to be consistent with constraints on a transition from a decelerating universe to an accelerating universe.

Final version accepted for publication in PRD. Figures and Appendices were added and revised. [15 pages, 8 figures]

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