Shapley Supercluster Survey: mapping the dark matter distribution

Abstract

We present a 23deg${}^2$ weak gravitational lensing survey of the Shapley supercluster core and its surroundings using $gri$ VST images as part of the Shapley Supercluster Survey (ShaSS). This study reveals the overall matter distribution over a region containing 11 clusters at $z\sim 0.048$ that are all interconnected, as well as several ongoing cluster-cluster interactions. Galaxy shapes have been measured by using the Kaiser-Squires-Broadhurst method for the $g$- and $r$-band images and background galaxies were selected via the $gri$ colour-colour diagram. This technique has allowed us to detect all of the clusters, either in the $g$-band or $r$-band images, although at different $\sigma$ levels, indicating that the underlying dark matter distribution is tightly correlated with the number density of the member galaxies. The deeper $r$-band images have traced the five interacting clusters in the supercluster core as a single coherent structure, confirmed the presence of a filament extending North from the core, and have revealed a background cluster at $z\sim 0.17$. We have measured the masses of the four richest clusters (A3556, A3558, A3560 and A3562) in the two-dimensional shear pattern, assuming a spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile and obtaining a total mass of ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{ShaSS},\mathrm{WL}}=1.56_{-0.55}^{+0.81}\times 10^{15}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, which is consistent with dynamical and X-ray studies. Our analysis provides further evidence of the ongoing dynamical evolution in the ShaSS region.

arXiv comment16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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