Memory effect assisted imaging through multimode optical fibres

Abstract

When light propagates through opaque material, the spatial information it holds becomes scrambled, but not necessarily lost. Two classes of techniques have emerged to recover this information: methods relying on optical memory effects, and transmission matrix (TM) approaches. Here we develop a general framework describing the nature of memory effects in structures of arbitrary geometry. We show how this framework, when combined with wavefront shaping driven by feedback from a guide-star, enables estimation of the TM of any such system. This highlights that guide-star assisted imaging is possible regardless of the type of memory effect a scatterer exhibits. We apply this concept to multimode fibres (MMFs) and identify a `quasi-radial' memory effect. This allows the TM of an MMF to be approximated from only one end - an important step for micro-endoscopy. Our work broadens the applications of memory effects to a range of novel imaging and optical communication scenarios.

arXiv comment15 pages, 5 figures. This update is to bring the article in line with the published version

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• Confocal 3D reflectance imaging through multimode fibers without wavefront shaping
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• Wavefront engineering for controlled structuring of far-field intensity and phase patterns from multimodal optical fibers