Timescales of quantum equilibration, dissipation and fluctuation in nuclear collisions

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of equilibration processes in quantum systems as well as their interplay with dissipation and fluctuation is a major challenge in quantum many-body theory. The timescales of such processes are investigated in collisions of atomic nuclei using fully microscopic approaches. Results from time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) and time-dependent random-phase approximation (TDRPA) calculations are compared for 13 systems over a broad range of energies. The timescale for full mass equilibration ($\sim 2\times 10^{-20}$s) is found to be much larger than timescales for neutron-to-proton equilibration, kinetic energy and angular momentum dissipations which are on the order of $10^{-21}$s. Fluctuations of mass numbers in the fragments and correlations between their neutron and proton numbers build up within only a few $10^{-21}$s. This indicates that dissipation is basically not impacted by mass equilibration, but is mostly driven by the exchange of nucleons between the fragments.

arXiv commentLetter: 6 pages, 5 figures. Supplemental material (tables): 18 pages. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

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• Pauli energy contribution to nucleus-nucleus interaction
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• Quantal diffusion description of isotope production by multinucleon transfer mechanism in ${}^{48}\text{Ca}+{}^{238}\text{U}$ collisions
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• Imaginary Time Mean-Field Method for Collective Tunneling
• Microscopic Study of Spin Transfer in Near-Barrier Nuclear Reactions
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• Concentrated valence nucleons transfer in heavy-ion collisions: implications for questing the stable superheavy elements