Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Study of Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$

Abstract

We present a combined oxygen $K$-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of the bilayer ruthenate Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$. Our RIXS experiments on Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$ were carried out on the overlapping planar and inter-planar oxygen resonances, which are distinguishable from the apical one. Comparison to equivalent oxygen $K$-edge spectra recorded on band-Mott insulating Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$ is made. In contrast to Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$ spectra, which contain excitations linked to Mott physics, Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$ spectra feature only intra-$t_{2g}$ ones that do not directly involve the Coulomb energy scale. As found in Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$, we resolve two intra-$t_{2g}$ excitations in Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$. Moreover, the lowest lying excitation in Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$ shows a significant dispersion, revealing a collective character differently from what is observed in Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$. Theoretical modelling supports the interpretation of this lowest energy excitation in Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$ as a magnetic transverse mode with multi-particle character, whereas the corresponding excitation in Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$ is assigned to combined longitudinal and transverse spin modes. These fundamental differences are discussed in terms of the inequivalent magnetic ground-state manifestations in Ca${}_2$RuO${}_4$ and Ca${}_3$Ru${}_2$O${}_7$.

11 pages, 6 figures. This manuscript has been submitted to PRB

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