Entropy production and Vlasov equation for self-gravitating systems

Abstract

The evolution of a self-gravitating system to a non-equilibrium steady state occurs through a process of violent relaxation. In the thermodynamic limit the dynamics of a many body system should be governed by the Vlasov equation. Recently, however, a question was raised regarding the validity of Vlasov equation during the process of violent relaxation. In this paper we will explore the entropy production during the relaxation process using N-body molecular dynamics simulations. We will show that the entropy production time grows as $N^{\alpha }$, with $\alpha >0$ and in the limit $N\to \infty$, entropy will remain constant, consistent with the Vlasov equation. Furthermore, we will show that the mean field dynamics constructed on the basis of the Vlasov equation is in excellent agreement with the full molecular dynamics simulations, justifying the applicability of Vlasov equation during the violent relaxation phase of evolution.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• The discreteness-driven relaxation of collisionless gravitating systems: entropy evolution in external potentials, N-dependence and the role of chaos
• Nonequilibrium steady state in a large magneto-optical trap
• Preface: Long-range Interactions and Synchronization
• An approach to the quasi-equilibrium state of a self-gravitating system