Synthesis and $\text{in-situ}$ characterization of photochromic yttrium oxyhydride grown by reactive $e^{-}$-beam evaporation

Abstract

We report on controlled growth of photochromic yttrium oxyhydride thin films monitored by $\text{in-situ}$ composition depth profiling. Films were grown by reactive $e^{-}$-beam evaporation and subsequently oxidized, while simultaneously tracking the oxygen and hydrogen concentrations. Sample composition and photochromic response were characterized $\text{in-situ}$ using non destructive ion beam analysis and image analysis, respectively - as well as complementary $\text{ex-situ}$ ion beam methods, X-ray diffraction and optical spectrophotometry. We show that photochromic yttrium oxyhydride can be grown as yttrium dihydride, which is then oxidized to O/H ratios triggering the photochromic response.