Families of well approximable measures

Abstract

We provide an algorithm to approximate a finitely supported discrete measure $\mu$ by a measure ${\nu }_N$ corresponding to a set of $N$ points so that the total variation between $\mu$ and ${\nu }_N$ has an upper bound. As a consequence if $\mu$ is a (finite or infinitely supported) discrete probability measure on $[0,1{]}^d$ with a sufficient decay rate on the weights of each point, then $\mu$ can be approximated by ${\nu }_N$ with total variation, and hence star-discrepancy, bounded above by $(\log N)N^{-1}$. Our result improves, in the discrete case, recent work by Aistleitner, Bilyk, and Nikolov who show that for any normalized Borel measure $\mu$, there exist finite sets whose star-discrepancy with respect to $\mu$ is at most $(\log N{)}^{d-\frac{1}{2}}{N}^{-1}$. Moreover we close a gap in the literature for discrepancy in the case $d=1$ showing both that Lebesgue is indeed the hardest measure to approximate by finite sets and also that all measures without discrete components have the same order of discrepancy as the Lebesgue measure.