A general framework for conformal transformations in electron optics

Abstract

The implementation of log-pol transformation has recently introduced a new boost in electron optics with charged matter vortices, allowing to map conformally between linear and orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and to measure them. That coordinate change belongs to the general framework of Hossack's transformations and it has been recently realized efficiently by means of electrostatic elements. In this letter we show that it is a general property of those conformal transformations to be produced by harmonic phase elements and therefore to admit an electrostatic implementation in the electron optics scenario. We consider a new kind of conformal mapping, the circular-sector transformation, which has been recently introduced for OAM multiplication and division in optics, and discuss how it represents a general solution of Laplace's equation, showing the analogy of the generating phase elements with projected multipole fields and linear charge distributions. Moreover, we demonstrate its capability to perform the sorting of multipole wavefronts, discovering a novel and effective method to measure the strength and orientation of a dipole field in a fast, compact and direct way.

arXiv commentMain manuscript: 22 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary information: 10 pages, 1 figure

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Generalized spiral transformation for high-resolution sorting of vortex modes
• Automatic alignment of an orbital angular momentum sorter in a transmission electron microscope using a convolution neural network
• Focused Ion Beam fabrication of Janus bimetallic cylinders acting as drift~tube Zernike phase plates
• Multipole-phase beams: a new paradigm for structured waves
• Sorting OAM modes with metasurfaces based on raytracing improved optical coordinate transformation