Proper time delays measured by optical streaking

Abstract

The generation of a streaking spectrogram is based on energy absorption from the streaking laser. Investigating this absorption we show rigorously under which condition the measured time shift is independent of properties of the streaking light. In this case it provides the Wigner-Smith time delay. The latter is infinite for systems with a long-range potential tail, such as Coulomb systems. Here, we suggest to determine the time delay relative to pure hydrogen for meaningful results. Finite delays obtained so far for Coulombic systems without the hydrogen reference are the consequence of a finite streaking frequency and depend on its value as well as on the electron's excess energy. Our analysis also suggests a time-delay measurement technique that avoids the record of a complete streaking scan.

arXiv comment5 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (8)

• Probing single-photon ionization on the attosecond time scale
• Photoionization in the time and frequency domain
• Theory of attosecond delays in laser-assisted photoionization
• Attosecond delays in molecular photoionization
• Experimental evidence for Wigner's tunneling time
• Delay in atomic photoionization
• Electron-Ion Interaction Effects in Attosecond Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
• Streaking and Wigner time delays in photoemission from atoms and surfaces

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Separation of Wigner and Continuum-continuum Delays by Mirror-symmetry-broken Attosecond Interferometry
• Wigner Time Delay in Photoionization: A 1D Model Study
• Phase retrieval from angular streaking of XUV atomic ionization
• Time delays in anisotropic systems
• Triggering recollisions with XUV pulses: Imprint of recolliding periodic orbits
• Potentials, exchange, and correlation in attosecond photoemission delays