Numerical ranges encircled by analytic curves

Abstract

Let $D$ be a bounded convex domain in $\mathbb{C}$ with a regular analytic boundary. Suppose that the numerical range $W(A)$ of a bounded linear operator $A$ is contained in $\overline{D}$. If $\overline{W(A)}$ intersects the boundary $\partial D$ at infinitely many points while the essential numerical range $W_{\text{ess}}(A)$ does not intersect $\partial D$, then $W(A)=\overline{D}$. This generalizes some infinite dimensional analogues of a result of Anderson.