EDEN: Sensitivity Analysis and Transiting Planet Detection Limits for Nearby Late Red Dwarfs

Abstract

Small planets are common around late-M dwarfs and can be detected through highly precise photometry by the transit method. Planets orbiting nearby stars are particularly important as they are often the best-suited for future follow-up studies. We present observations of three nearby M-dwarfs referred to as EIC-1, EIC-2, and EIC-3, and use them to search for transits and set limits on the presence of planets. On most nights our observations are sensitive to Earth-sized transiting planets, and photometric precision is similar to or better than TESS for faint late-M dwarfs of the same magnitude (I=15 mag). We present our photometry and transit search pipeline, which utilizes simple median detrending in combination with transit least squares based transit detection (Hippke & Heller 2019).For these targets, and transiting planets between one and two Earth radii, we achieve an average transit detection probability of 60% between periods of 0.5 and 2 days, 30% between 2 and 5 days,and 10% between 5 and 10 days. These sensitivities are conservative compared to visual searches.

Accepted to AJ

References in corpus (57)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
• Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
• batman: BAsic Transit Model cAlculatioN in Python
• Astrometry.net: Blind astrometric calibration of arbitrary astronomical images
• A box-fitting algorithm in the search for periodic transits
• The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass
• Design Considerations for a Ground-based Transit Search for Habitable Planets Orbiting M dwarfs
• A Catalog of Northern Stars With Annual Proper Motions Larger Than 0.15 Seconds of Arc (LSPM catalog - North)
• Characterizing transiting exoplanet atmospheres with JWST
• A stellar-mass-dependent drop in planet occurrence rates
• On the angular momentum evolution of fully-convective stars: rotation periods for field M-dwarfs from the MEarth transit survey
• Transit Least Squares: Optimized transit detection algorithm to search for periodic transits of small planets
• The Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator. I - The Inner Edges of Planetary Systems
• Confirmation of the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability as the Dominant Source of Radio Emission from Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• Wotan: Comprehensive time-series de-trending in Python
• Observing the Atmospheres of Known Temperate Earth-sized Planets with JWST
• Atmospheric reconnaissance of the habitable-zone Earth-sized planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1
• The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST
• An Increase in the Mass of Planetary Systems around Lower-Mass Stars
• A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
• High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing. I. The transiting planetary system WASP-5
• Extrasolar planet population synthesis II: Statistical comparison with observation
• Kepler Planet Occurrence Rates for Mid-Type M Dwarfs as a Function of Spectral Type
• Magnetospherically driven optical and radio aurorae at the end of the stellar main sequence
• A giant exoplanet orbiting a very low-mass star challenges planet formation models
• The Near-Infrared Transmission Spectra of TRAPPIST-1 Planets b, c, d, e, f, and g and Stellar Contamination in Multi-Epoch Transit Spectra
• The Solar Neighborhood XLIV: RECONS Discoveries within 10 Parsecs
• New High Proper Motion Stars from the Digitized Sky Survey. I. Northern Stars with proper motion between 0.5 and 2.0 arcsec/yr at Low Galactic Latitudes
• Discovery of Two Very Low-Mass Binaries: Final Results of an Adaptive Optics Survey of Nearby M6.0-M7.5 Stars
• Limb-darkening and exoplanets II: Choosing the Best Law for Optimal Retrieval of Transit Parameters
• Disentangling the planet from the star in late type M dwarfs: A case study of TRAPPIST-1g
• A Volume-limited Sample of 63 M7--M9.5 Dwarfs I. Space Motion, Kinematic Age, and Lithium
• Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. II. Mixed Trends in VB10 and LSR1835+32 and the Possible Role of Rotation
• Precision radial velocities of 15 M5 - M9 dwarfs
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Radial-velocity variations of active stars in visual-channel spectra
• Simultaneous optical and X-ray observations of a giant flare on the ultracool dwarf LP412-31
• Near Infrared Monitoring of Ultracool Dwarfs: Prospects for Searching for Transiting Companions
• Limits on the infrared photometric monitoring of brown dwarfs
• The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG II. Data treatment and simulations
• The Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator. II -- Population Synthesis in the Era of Kepler
• The SDSS-III APOGEE Radial Velocity Survey of M dwarfs I: Description of Survey and Science Goals
• Calibration of the MEarth Photometric System: Optical Magnitudes and Photometric Metallicity Estimates for 1802 Nearby M-dwarfs
• First Detection of a Strong Magnetic Field on a Bursty Brown Dwarf: Puzzle Solved
• Photospheric properties and fundamental parameters of M dwarfs
• Keck NIRSPEC Radial Velocity Observations of Late-M dwarfs
• Search for radial velocity variations in eight M-dwarfs with NIRSPEC/Keck II
• First spectropolarimetric measurement of a brown dwarf magnetic field in molecular bands
• Near infrared spectroscopy of M dwarfs. III. Carbon and oxygen abundances in late M dwarfs including the dusty rapid rotator 2MASSI J1835379+325954
• The UV spectrum of the Ultracool Dwarf LSR J1835+3259 observed with the Hubble Space Telescope
• A Spitzer IRAC Imaging Survey for T Dwarf Companions Around M, L, and T Dwarfs: Observations, Results, and Monte Carlo Population Analyses
• Development of the Arizona Robotic Telescope Network

Cited by in corpus (18)

• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). IV. Planetary systems around low-mass stars
• SPECULOOS -- Ultracool Dwarf Transit Survey: Target List and Strategy
• RV-detected planets around M dwarfs: Challenges for core accretion models
• A roadmap for the atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets with JWST
• SPECULOOS Northern Observatory: searching for red worlds in the northern skies
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune near the 2:1 MMR straddling the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf TOI-2096
• The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star
• Evidence for a radiation belt around a brown dwarf
• Hot Rocks Survey II: The thermal emission of TOI-1468 b reveals a hot bare rock
• Predicting the Yield of Small Transiting Exoplanets around Mid-M and Ultra-Cool Dwarfs in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey
• The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: Dynamical Evolution and Atmospheric Properties
• EDEN Survey: Small Transiting Planet Detection Limits and Constraints on the Occurrence Rates for Late M Dwarfs within 15 pc
• Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267
• Development of the SPECULOOS exoplanet search project
• Scaling K2 VIII: Short-Period Sub-Neptune Occurrence Rates Peak Around Early-Type M Dwarfs
• SPECULOOS: five years hunting terrestrial planets around ultra-cool dwarfs
• Warm Jupiters around M-dwarfs are great opportunities for extensive chemical, cloud and haze characterisation with JWST
• A large sub-Neptune transiting the thick-disk M4V TOI-2406