The Hasse invariant of the Tate normal form $E_5$ and the class number of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-5l})$

Abstract

It is shown that the number of irreducible quartic factors of the form $g(x)=x^4+a{x}^3+(11a+2)x^2-ax+1$ which divide the Hasse invariant of the Tate normal form $E_5$ in characteristic $l$ is a simple linear function of the class number $h(-5l)$ of the field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-5l})$, when $l\equiv 2,3$ modulo $5$. A similar result holds for irreducible quadratic factors of $g(x)$, when $l\equiv 1,4$ modulo $5$. This implies a formula for the number of linear factors over ${\mathbb{F}}_p$ of the supersingular polynomial $s{s}_p^{(5\ast )}(x)$ corresponding to the Fricke group ${\Gamma }_0^{\ast }(5)$.

58 pages, 10 tables