SALT revisits DY Cen: a rapidly-evolving strontium-rich single helium star

Abstract

The hydrogen-deficient star DY Cen has been reported as an R CrB-type variable, an extreme helium star (with some hydrogen), and as a single-lined spectroscopic binary. It has been associated with a dramatic change in visual brightness and colour corresponding to a change in effective temperature ($T_{\mathrm{e}ff}$) of some 20,000 K in the last century. To characterize the binary orbit and $T_{\mathrm{e}ff}$ changes more precisely, new high-resolution spectroscopy has been obtained with SALT. The previous orbital period is not confirmed; previous measurements may have been confused by the presence of pulsations. Including data from earlier epochs (1987, 2002, and 2010), self-consistent spectral analyses from all four epochs demonstrate an increase in $T_{\mathrm{e}ff}$ from 18,800 to 24,400 K between 1987 and 2015. Line profiles demonstrate that the surface rotation has increased by a factor two over the same interval. This is commensurate with the change in $T_{\mathrm{e}ff}$ and an overall contraction. Rotation will exceed critical if contraction continues. The 1987 spectrum shows evidence of a very high abundance of the s-process element strontium. The very rapid evolution, non-negligible surface hydrogen and high surface strontium point to a history involving a very late thermal pulse. Observations over the next thirty years should look for a decreasing pulsation period, reactivation of R CrB-type activity as the star seeks to shed angular momentum and increasing illumination by emission lines from nebular material ejected in the past.

MNRAS accepted 2020 February. 11 pages, 6 figures, + 4 page appendix incl. 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

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• Revised surface abundances of R Coronae Borealis stars
• Peculiar Hydrogen-deficient Carbon Stars: Strontium-Rich Stars and the s-Process
• The distribution, kinematics and luminosities of extreme helium stars as probes of their origin and evolution
• Merged white dwarfs and nucleosynthesis
• WISE J005128.08+645651.7: An enigmatic R Coronae Borealis star