Inverse square Lévy walks are not optimal search strategies for $d\ge 2$

Abstract

The Lévy hypothesis states that inverse square Lévy walks are optimal search strategies because they maximise the encounter rate with sparse, randomly distributed, replenishable targets. It has served as a theoretical basis to interpret a wealth of experimental data at various scales, from molecular motors to animals looking for resources, putting forward the conclusion that many living organisms perform Lévy walks to explore space because of their optimal efficiency. Here we provide analytically the dependence on target density of the encounter rate of Lévy walks for any space dimension $d$ ; in particular, this scaling is shown to be {\it independent} of the Lévy exponent $\alpha$ for the biologically relevant case $d\ge 2$, which proves that the founding result of the Lévy hypothesis is incorrect. As a consequence, we show that optimizing the encounter rate with respect to $\alpha$ is {\it irrelevant} : it does not change the scaling with density and can lead virtually to {\it any} optimal value of $\alpha$ depending on system dependent modeling choices. The conclusion that observed inverse square Lévy patterns are the result of a common selection process based purely on the kinetics of the search behaviour is therefore unfounded.

Accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett

References in corpus (5)

• Lévy walks
• First-passage times in complex scale-invariant media
• Bidimensional intermittent search processes: an alternative to Levy flights strategies
• Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement
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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Comment on "Inverse Square Lévy Walks are not Optimal Search Strategies for d $\ge$ 2" [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 080601 (2020)]
• Reply to Comment on "Inverse Square Lévy Walks are not Optimal Search Strategies for d \geq 2 "
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