Holomorphic anomaly equation for $({\mathbb{P}}^2,E)$ and the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of local ${\mathbb{P}}^2$

Abstract

We prove a higher genus version of the genus $0$ local-relative correspondence of van Garrel-Graber-Ruddat: for $(X,D)$ a pair with $X$ a smooth projective variety and $D$ a nef smooth divisor, maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(X,D)$ with ${\lambda }_g$-insertion is related to Gromov-Witten theory of the total space of ${\mathcal{O}}_X(-D)$ and local Gromov-Witten theory of $D$. Specializing to $(X,D)=(S,E)$ for $S$ a del Pezzo surface or a rational elliptic surface and $E$ a smooth anticanonical divisor, we show that maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(S,E)$ is determined by the Gromov-Witten theory of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold ${\mathcal{O}}_S(-E)$ and the stationary Gromov-Witten theory of the elliptic curve $E$. Specializing further to $S={\mathbb{P}}^2$, we prove that higher genus generating series of maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb{P}}^2,E)$ are quasimodular and satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation. The proof combines the quasimodularity results and the holomorphic anomaly equations previously known for local ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ and the elliptic curve. Furthermore, using the connection between maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb{P}}^2,E)$ and Betti numbers of moduli spaces of semistable one-dimensional sheaves on ${\mathbb{P}}^2$, we obtain a proof of the quasimodularity and holomorphic anomaly equation predicted in the physics literature for the refined topological string free energy of local ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit.

arXiv comment66 pages, revised version, published in Forum of Mathematics, Pi

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