Characterization of unresolved and unclassified sources detected in radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane

Abstract

The continuum emission from 1 to 2 GHz of The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR) at $\lesssim$18" resolution covers $\sim 132$ square degrees of the Galactic plane and detects 10387 sources. Similarly, the first data release of the Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) surveys covers $\sim 16$ square degrees of the Galactic plane from 4-8 GHz at 18" resolution and detects 1575 sources. However, a large fraction of the unresolved discrete sources detected in these radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane remain unclassified. Here, we study the Euclidean-normalized differential source counts of unclassified and unresolved sources detected in these surveys and compare them with simulated extragalactic radio source populations as well as previously established source counts. We find that the differential source counts for THOR and GLOSTAR surveys are in excellent agreement with both simulation and previous observations. We also estimate the angular two-point correlation function of unclassified and unresolved sources detected in THOR survey. We find a higher clustering amplitude in comparison with the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey up to the angular separation of $5^{\circ }$. The decrease in angular correlation with increasing flux cut and the excellent agreement of clustering pattern of sources above 1 mJy with high $z$ samples ($z>0.5$) of the FIRST survey indicates that these sources might be high $z$ extragalactic compact objects. The similar pattern of one-point and two-point statistics of unclassified and compact sources with extragalactic surveys and simulations confirms the extragalactic origin of these sources.

There are 6 pages and 3 figures. The paper is accepted for publication in MNRAS (DOI : 10.1093/mnras/stz3621)

References in corpus (3)

• The MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) Survey
• GLOSTAR -- Radio Source Catalog I: $28^{\circ }<\text{l}<36^{\circ }$ and $|b|<1^{\circ }$
• Deep observations of the Super-CLASS super-cluster at 325 MHz with the GMRT: the low-frequency source catalogue

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