Testing the Structure of Multipartite Entanglement with Hardy's Nonlocality

Abstract

Multipartite quantum states may exhibit different types of quantum entanglement in that they cannot be converted into each other by local quantum operations only, and fully understanding mathematical structures of different types of multipartite entanglement is a very challenging task. In this paper, from the viewpoint of Hardy's nonlocality, we compare W and GHZ states and show a couple of crucial different behaviors between them. Particularly, by developing a geometric model for the Hardy's nonlocality problem of W states, we derive an upper bound for its maximal violation probability, which turns out to be strictly smaller than the corresponding probability of GHZ state. This gives us a new comparison between these two quantum states, and the result is also consistent with our intuition that GHZ states is more entangled. Furthermore, we generalize our approach to obtain an asymptotic characterization for general $N$-qubit W states, revealing that when $N$ goes up, the speed that the maximum violation probabilities decay is exponentially slower than that of general $N$-qubit GHZ states. We provide some numerical simulations to verify our theoretical results.

arXiv comment13 pages; comments are welcome

References in corpus (15)

• Three qubits can be entangled in two inequivalent ways
• Experimental joint weak measurement on a photon pair as a probe of Hardy's Paradox
• Bell-type inequalities to detect true n-body non-separability
• Device-independent witnesses of genuine multipartite entanglement
• Entanglement versus Bell violations and their behaviour under local filtering operations
• Device-independent entanglement quantification and related applications
• Testing the Structure of Multipartite Entanglement with Bell Inequalities
• Semi-device-independent bounds on entanglement
• Device-independent witnesses of entanglement depth from two-body correlators
• Hardy's nonlocality for generalized n-particle GHZ states
• Hardy's Paradox for High-Dimensional Systems: Beyond Hardy's Limit
• Test of Genuine Multipartite Nonlocality Without Inequality
• Generalized Hardy's Paradox
• Device-independent detection of genuine multipartite entanglement for all pure states
• Hardy's paradox tested in the spin-orbit Hilbert space of single photons