Vorticity in low-energy heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We study the kinematic and thermal vorticities in low-energy heavy-ion collisions by using the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model. We explore their time evolution and spatial distribution. We find that the initial vorticities have a non-monotonic dependence on the collision energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$: as $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ grows the vorticities first increase steeply and then decrease with the turning point around $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}\sim 3-5$ GeV depending on the centrality.

V2: 5 pages, 7 figures