Supernovae and photon frequency shift induced by the Standard-Model Extension

Abstract

We revisit for 714 SNeIa the discrepancy between the red-shift associated to the distance modulus $\mu$ and the spectroscopic red-shift. Previous work has shown that the total red-shift $z$ might be a combination of the expansion red-shift $z_{\mathrm{C}}$ and of a static, blue or red shift $z_{\mathrm{LSV}}(r)$, $r$ being the comoving distance. The latter is due to the energy non-conservation of the photon propagating through Electro-Magnetic (EM) background fields (host galaxy, intergalactic and Milky Way), under Lorentz(-Poincaré) Symmetry Violation (LSV), associated to the Standard-Model Extension (SME). The non-conservation stems from the vacuum expectation value of the vector and tensor LSV fields. For zero radiation ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{rad}}$ and curvature ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{k}}$ densities, and matter density ${\Omega }_m=0.28$, the SN1a positions in the ($\mu$, z) plan are recovered according to the different strengths, orientations, alignments and space-time dependencies of the EM fields and LSV components. The LSV vacuum energy may be thus tantamount to ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }\simeq 0.7$, but unrelated to an accelerated expansion. We present models with red or blue-shifts $z_{\mathrm{LSV}}$, below $10\%$ of $z$. The $\nu$ frequency variation is below $10^{-19}\Delta \nu /\nu$ per m.

5 pages, 2 figures, letter format