Deep Learning for Visual Tracking: A Comprehensive Survey
arXiv:1912.00535 · doi:10.1109/TITS.2020.3046478
Abstract
Visual target tracking is one of the most sought-after yet challenging research topics in computer vision. Given the ill-posed nature of the problem and its popularity in a broad range of real-world scenarios, a number of large-scale benchmark datasets have been established, on which considerable methods have been developed and demonstrated with significant progress in recent years -- predominantly by recent deep learning (DL)-based methods. This survey aims to systematically investigate the current DL-based visual tracking methods, benchmark datasets, and evaluation metrics. It also extensively evaluates and analyzes the leading visual tracking methods. First, the fundamental characteristics, primary motivations, and contributions of DL-based methods are summarized from nine key aspects of: network architecture, network exploitation, network training for visual tracking, network objective, network output, exploitation of correlation filter advantages, aerial-view tracking, long-term tracking, and online tracking. Second, popular visual tracking benchmarks and their respective properties are compared, and their evaluation metrics are summarized. Third, the state-of-the-art DL-based methods are comprehensively examined on a set of well-established benchmarks of OTB2013, OTB2015, VOT2018, LaSOT, UAV123, UAVDT, and VisDrone2019. Finally, by conducting critical analyses of these state-of-the-art trackers quantitatively and qualitatively, their pros and cons under various common scenarios are investigated. It may serve as a gentle use guide for practitioners to weigh when and under what conditions to choose which method(s). It also facilitates a discussion on ongoing issues and sheds light on promising research directions.
arXiv commentAccepted Manuscript in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
References in corpus (35)
- Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
- Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networks
- High-Speed Tracking with Kernelized Correlation Filters
- GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wild
- Beyond Correlation Filters: Learning Continuous Convolution Operators for Visual Tracking
- Learning Spatially Regularized Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking
- A Novel Performance Evaluation Methodology for Single-Target Trackers
- MatConvNet - Convolutional Neural Networks for MATLAB
- Online Tracking by Learning Discriminative Saliency Map with Convolutional Neural Network
- Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and Spatial Reliability
- Fast and Furious: Real Time End-to-End 3D Detection, Tracking and Motion Forecasting with a Single Convolutional Net
- Modeling and Propagating CNNs in a Tree Structure for Visual Tracking
- YouTube-VOS: A Large-Scale Video Object Segmentation Benchmark
- DCFNet: Discriminant Correlation Filters Network for Visual Tracking
- Context-aware Deep Feature Compression for High-speed Visual Tracking
- DeepTrack: Learning Discriminative Feature Representations Online for Robust Visual Tracking
- Good Features to Correlate for Visual Tracking
- Adaptive Correlation Filters with Long-Term and Short-Term Memory for Object Tracking
- SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networks
- Dual Deep Network for Visual Tracking
- Deeper and Wider Siamese Networks for Real-Time Visual Tracking
- Deep Reinforcement Learning for Visual Object Tracking in Videos
- Fast Online Object Tracking and Segmentation: A Unifying Approach
- Learning regression and verification networks for long-term visual tracking
- Parallel Tracking and Verifying
- Tracking Noisy Targets: A Review of Recent Object Tracking Approaches
- Target-Aware Deep Tracking
- Aggregation Signature for Small Object Tracking
- Siamese Cascaded Region Proposal Networks for Real-Time Visual Tracking
- TraX: The visual Tracking eXchange Protocol and Library
- Recursive Least-Squares Estimator-Aided Online Learning for Visual Tracking
- An In-Depth Analysis of Visual Tracking with Siamese Neural Networks
- TracKlinic: Diagnosis of Challenge Factors in Visual Tracking
- DSNet: Deep and Shallow Feature Learning for Efficient Visual Tracking
- Beyond Background-Aware Correlation Filters: Adaptive Context Modeling by Hand-Crafted and Deep RGB Features for Visual Tracking
Cited by in corpus (25)
- Random vector functional link network: recent developments, applications, and future directions
- Transformers in Single Object Tracking: An Experimental Survey
- Dynamic Fusion Network for RGBT Tracking
- LiDAR-Based Place Recognition For Autonomous Driving: A Survey
- Beyond Greedy Search: Tracking by Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-based Beam Search
- Towards Accurate Pixel-wise Object Tracking by Attention Retrieval
- Siamese Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection and Beyond
- In Defense and Revival of Bayesian Filtering for Thermal Infrared Object Tracking
- Towards More Flexible and Accurate Object Tracking with Natural Language: Algorithms and Benchmark
- Detection and Tracking Meet Drones Challenge
- Learn to Match: Automatic Matching Network Design for Visual Tracking
- A Unification Between Deep-Learning Vision, Compartmental Dynamical Thermodynamics, and Robotic Manipulation for a Circular Economy
- Multiple Pedestrians and Vehicles Tracking in Aerial Imagery: A Comprehensive Study
- COMET: Context-Aware IoU-Guided Network for Small Object Tracking
- Stochastic Neural Networks for Automatic Cell Tracking in Microscopy Image Sequences of Bacterial Colonies
- CRACT: Cascaded Regression-Align-Classification for Robust Visual Tracking
- High-Performance Long-Term Tracking with Meta-Updater
- AViTMP: A Tracking-Specific Transformer for Single-Branch Visual Tracking
- Towards Early Prediction of Human iPSC Reprogramming Success
- Detection and Tracking of MAVs Using a Rosette Scanning Pattern LiDAR
- FacialFilmroll: High-resolution multi-shot video editing
- Learning Object Permanence from Video
- Tracking by Joint Local and Global Search: A Target-aware Attention based Approach
- Detection-aware multi-object tracking evaluation
- A Simple and Strong Baseline for Universal Targeted Attacks on Siamese Visual Tracking