Cooperative phase transitions in the system of photons and dye molecules

Abstract

Bose condensed light can form new phases [1] in a dye filled cavity due to the presence of the orientational disorder created by dye molecules which are essentially frozen on the time scale of the photonic thermalization (few ps). At longer times (few ns) molecular degrees of freedom -- orientations and positions -- become important. Including them on equal footing with photons can change the nature of the photonic condensation -- it can proceed as Ist order phase transition which can also result in the mutual phase separation effect -- for photons and dye. The analysis is conducted within the mean field approach in the thermodynamic limit. Recommendations for the experimental detection of the transition nature are formulated.

Discussion on the experimental detection of the nature of transition and several references are added. Typos are fixed

References in corpus (11)

• Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity
• Is there a no-go theorem for superradiant quantum phase transitions in cavity and circuit QED ?
• Thermalisation of a two-dimensional photonic gas in a 'white-wall' photon box
• Half-vortices in polariton condensates
• Experimental Evidence for Inhomogeneous-Pumping and Energy-Dependent Effects in Photon Bose-Einstein Condensation
• Thermalization and breakdown of thermalization in photon condensates
• Variable Potentials for Thermalized Light and Coupled Condensates
• Polarization dynamics in a photon BEC
• Polarized polariton condensates and coupled XY models
• Polarization of a Bose-Einstein Condensate of Photons in a Dye-Filled Microcavity
• Phases and phase transitions of Bose condensed light: phase separation effect