A Comprehensive Chandra Study of the Disk Wind in the Black Hole Candidate 4U 1630-472

Abstract

The mechanisms that drive disk winds are a window into the physical processes that underlie the disk. Stellar-mass black holes are an ideal setting in which to explore these mechanisms, in part because their outbursts span a broad range in mass accretion rate. We performed a spectral analysis of the disk wind found in six Chandra/HETG observations of the black hole candidate 4U~1630$-$472, covering a range of luminosities over two distinct spectral states. We modeled both wind absorption and extended wind re-emission components using PION, a self-consistent photoionized absorption model. In all but one case, two photoionization zones were required in order to obtain acceptable fits. Two independent constraints on launching radii, obtained via the ionization parameter formalism and the dynamical broadening of the re-emission, helped characterize the geometry of the wind. The innermost wind components ($r\simeq {10}^{2-3}$ $GM/c^2$) tend towards small volume filling factors, high ionization, densities up to $n\simeq {10}^{15-16}{\text{cm}}^{-3}$, and outflow velocities of $\sim 0.003c$. These small launching radii and large densities require magnetic driving, as they are inconsistent with numerical and analytical treatments of thermally driven winds. Outer wind components ($r\simeq {10}^5$ $GM/c^2$) are significantly less ionized and have filling factors near unity. Their larger launching radii, lower densities ($n\simeq {10}^{12}{\text{cm}}^{-3}$), and outflow velocities ($\sim 0.0007c$) are nominally consistent with thermally driven winds. The overall wind structure suggests that these components may also be part of a broader MHD outflow and perhaps better described as magneto-thermal hybrid winds.

arXiv comment27 pages, 13 figures

References in corpus (56)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Dynamics of line-driven disk winds in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Ubiquitous equatorial accretion disc winds in black hole soft states
• Black Hole Spin via Continuum Fitting and the Role of Spin in Powering Transient Jets
• The magnetic nature of disk accretion onto black holes
• Black hole accretion discs: reality confronts theory
• MHD simulations of jet acceleration from Keplerian accretion disks: the effects of disk resistivity
• The Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRO J1655-40
• The Chandra HETGS and RXTE view of GRS 1915+105
• High resolution Chandra HETG and RXTE observations of GRS 1915+105 : A hot disk atmosphere & cold gas enriched in Iron and Silicon
• Magneto-thermal Disk Wind from Protoplanetary Disks
• The Three Spectral Regimes Found in the Stellar Black Hole XTE J1550--564 in its High/Soft State
• MHD Accretion-Disk Winds as X-ray Absorbers in AGNs
• Simultaneous Chandra and RXTE Spectroscopy of the Microquasar H~1743-322: Clues to Disk Wind and Jet Formation from a Variable Ionized Outflow
• Numerical simulations of mass outflows driven from accretion disks by radiation and magnetic forces
• The 2003 Outburst of the X-ray Transient H 1743-322: Comparisons with the Black Hole Microquasar XTE J1550-564
• On the role of the UV and X-ray radiation in driving a disk wind in X-ray binaries
• Observational Evidence for Strong Disk Comptonization in GRO J1655-40
• An Extreme X-ray Disk Wind in the Black Hole Candidate IGR J17091-3624
• Spectrum Synthesis Modeling of the X-ray Spectrum of GRO J1655-40 Taken During the 2005 Outburst
• Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of the focused wind in the Cygnus X-1 system. I. The non-dip spectrum in the low/hard state
• Magnetically-Driven Accretion-Disk Winds and Ultra-Fast Outflows in PG1211+143
• The Disk Wind in the Rapidly Spinning Stellar-Mass Black Hole 4U 1630-472 Observed with NuSTAR
• Quantifying the fast outflow in the luminous Seyfert galaxy PG1211+143
• A Hybrid Magnetically/Thermally-Driven Wind in the Black Hole GRO J1655-40?
• A Chandra HETGS Spectral Study of the Iron K Bandpass in MCG-6-30-15: A Narrow View of the Broad Iron Line
• Winds from accretion disks driven by the radiation and magnetocentrifugal force
• High Resolution Chandra HETG spectroscopy of V404 Cygni in Outburst
• The Disk-Wind-Jet Connection in the Black Hole H 1743-322
• On the properties of thermal disk winds in X-ray transient sources: a case study of GRO J1655-40
• Thermal Winds in Stellar Mass Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Systems
• The Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRS 1915+105
• X-Ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During Two Years of X-Ray Activity
• An X-Ray Dip in the X-Ray Transient 4U 1630-47
• Suzaku Observation of GRS 1915+105: Evolution of Accretion Disc Structure during Limit-Cycle Oscillation
• Black hole mass determination in the X-ray binary 4U 1630--47: Scaling of spectral and variability characteristics
• Absorption lines from magnetically-driven winds in X-ray binaries
• XMM-Newton observations reveal the disappearance of the wind in 4U 1630-47
• Long term variability of Cygnus X-1: VII. Orbital variability of the focussed wind in Cyg X-1 / HDE 226868 system
• Three Spectral States of the Disk X-Ray Emission of the Black-Hole Candidate 4U 1630-47
• Coronae and Winds from Irradiated Disks in X-ray binaries
• The clumpy absorber in the high-mass X-ray binary Vela X-1
• The effects of thermodynamic stability on wind properties in different low mass black hole binary states
• Thermal Disk Winds in X-ray Binaries: Realistic Heating and Cooling Rates Give Rise to Slow, but Massive Outflows
• Chandra X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Focused Wind in the Cygnus X-1 System. II. The Nondip Spectrum in the Low/Hard State - Modulations with Orbital Phase
• Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469: III. Spectral energy distribution and the AGN wind photoionisation modelling, plus detection of diffuse X-rays from the starburst with Chandra HETGS
• A Link Between X-ray Emission Lines and Radio Jets in 4U 1630-47?
• The IR counterpart of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47
• NuSTAR observations of the powerful radio-galaxy Cygnus A
• Photoionization instability of the Fe K absorbing plasma in the neutron star transient AX J1745.6-2901
• Chandra high-resolution spectra of 4U~1630-47: the disappearance of the wind
• Magnetothermal disk winds in X-ray binaries: poloidal magnetic fields suppress thermal winds
• AstroSat and Chandra view of the high soft state of 4U 1630-47 (4U 1630-472): evidence of the disk wind and a rapidly spinning black hole
• Chandra Spectroscopy of MAXI J1305-704: Detection of an Infalling Black Hole Disk Wind?
• Resolving the X-ray obscuration in a low flux observation of the quasar PDS 456
• The XMM Newton spectra of the 2012 outburst of the black-hole candidate 4U 1630-47 revisited

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Ionized outflows from active galactic nuclei as the essential elements of feedback
• An Obscured, Seyfert-2-like State of the Stellar-mass Black Hole GRS 1915+105 Caused by Failed Disk Winds
• A variable ionized disk wind in the black-hole candidate EXO 1846-031
• X-ray polarisation properties of thermal-radiative disc winds in binary systems
• Tell-Tale Spectral Signatures of MHD-driven Ultra-Fast Outflows in AGNs
• The current state of disk wind observations in BHLMXBs through X-ray absorption lines in the iron band
• Modeling Magnetic Disk-Wind State Transitions in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Black holes: Timing and spectral properties and evolution
• XRISM Spectroscopy of Accretion-Driven Wind Feedback in NGC 4151
• A Redshifted Inner Disk Atmosphere and Transient Absorbers in the Ultra-Compact Neutron Star X-ray Binary 4U 1916-053
• A variable magnetic disc wind in the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105?
• Magnetic field transport in compact binaries
• Impact of the disk magnetization on MHD disk wind signature
• Strong surface outflows on accretion discs
• XRISM insights for interstellar Sulfur
• A Spectroscopic Angle on Central Engine Size Scales in Accreting Neutron Stars
• Accretion disc winds in X-ray binaries
• Swift Spectroscopy of the Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRO J1655-40
• 20 years of disk winds in 4U 1630-47 -- I. Long-term behavior and influence of hard X-rays
• NICER Spectral and Timing Analysis of 4U 1630$-$47 and its Heartbeat State
• A Diagnostic Kit for Optical Emission Lines Shaped by Accretion Disc Winds