Magnetic order and single-ion anisotropy in Tb${}_3$Ga${}_5$O${}_{12}$

Abstract

Terbium gallium garnet (TGG), Tb${}_3$Ga${}_5$O${}_{12}$, is well known for its applications in laser optics, but also exhibits complex low-temperature magnetism that is not yet fully understood. Its low-temperature magnetic order is determined by means of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. It is found to be a multiaxial antiferromagnet with magnetic Tb${}^{3+}$ ions forming six sublattices of magnetic moments aligned parallel and anti-parallel to the $⟨100⟩$ crystallographic directions of the cubic unit cell. The structure displays strong easy-axis anisotropy with respect to a two-fold axis of symmetry in the local orthorhombic environment of the Tb${}^{3+}$ sites. The crystal-field splitting within the single-ion ground-state manifold is investigated by inelastic neutron scattering on powder samples. A strong temperature dependence of the quasidoublet ground-state is observed and revised parameters of the crystal-field Hamiltonian are given. The results of bulk magnetic susceptibility and magnetisation measurements are in good agreement with values based on the crystal-field model down to 20~K, where the onset of magnetic correlations is observed.

15 pages, 12 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Anomalous Hall effect for the phonon heat conductivity in paramagnetic dielectric
• Origin of the Phonon Hall Effect in Rare-Earth Garnets
• The nature of Ho magnetism in multiferroic HoMnO3
• Sensitivity of magnetic properties to chemical pressure in lanthanide garnets $L{n}_3{A}_2{X}_3{\text{O}}_{12}$, $Ln$ = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, $A$ = Ga, Sc, In, Te, $X$ = Ga, Al, Li

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• Low-temperature specific heat and heat transport of Tb${}_2$Ti${}_{2-x}$Zr${}_x$O${}_7$ single crystals
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