Reference Database for Photon Strength Functions

Abstract

Photon strength functions describing the average response of the nucleus to an electromagnetic probe are key input information in the theoretical modelling of nuclear reactions. Consequently they are important for a wide range of fields such as nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, medical isotope production, fission and fusion reactor technologies. They are also sources of information for widely used reaction libraries such as the IAEA Reference Input Parameter Library and evaluated data files such as EGAF. In the past two decades, the amount of reaction gamma-ray data measured to determine photon strength functions has grown rapidly. Different experimental techniques have led to discrepant results and users are faced with the dilemma which (if any) of the divergent data to adopt. We report on a coordinated effort to compile and assess the existing experimental data on photon strength functions from the giant dipole resonance region to energies below the neutron separation energy. The assessment of the discrepant data at energies around or below the neutron separation energy has been possible only in a few cases where adequate information on the model-dependent analysis and estimation of uncertainties was available. In the giant dipole resonance region, we adopt the recommendations of the new IAEA photonuclear data library. We also present global empirical and semi-microscopic models that describe the photon strength functions in the entire energy region and reproduce reasonably well most of the experimental data. The compiled experimental photon strengths and recommended model calculations are available from the PSF database hosted at the IAEA (URL:www-nds.iaea.org/PSFdatabase).

IAEA Coordinated Research Project on Generating Reference Database for Photon Strength Functions (F41032)

References in corpus (55)

• The Shell Model as Unified View of Nuclear Structure
• Complete electric dipole response and the neutron skin in 208Pb
• Magnetic dipole excitations in nuclei: elementary modes of nucleonic motion
• Improved predictions of nuclear reaction rates with the TALYS reaction code for astrophysical applications
• Investigation of Pygmy Dipole Resonances in the Tin Region
• Analysis of possible systematic errors in the Oslo method
• Novel technique for constraining r-process (n,$\gamma$) reaction rates
• Role of deformation on giant resonances within the QRPA approach and the Gogny force
• Dipole states in stable and unstable nuclei
• Radiative strength functions in 93-98Mo
• Pygmy dipole strength in 90Zr
• Large enhancement of radiative strength for soft transisitons in the quasicontinuum
• A 4p BaF2 detector for (n,g) cross section measurements at a spallation neutron source
• Low-energy enhancement of magnetic dipole radiation
• Large-scale Continuum Random Phase Approximation predictions of dipole strength for astrophysical applications
• Pygmy dipole resonance in 208Pb
• Large-scale deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation calculations of the $\gamma$-ray strength function using the Gogny force
• Giant Dipole Resonance Parameters of Ground-State Photoabsorption: Experimental Values with Uncertainties
• Background identification and suppression for the measurement of (n,g) reactions with the DANCE array at LANSCE
• Large low-energy $M1$ strength for ${}^{56,57}$Fe within the nuclear shell model
• Fragmentation and systematics of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance in the stable N=82 isotones
• Relativistic RPA in axial symmetry
• Validity of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis in ${}^{238}$Np
• Second RPA and correlated realistic interactions
• Level densities and thermodynamical quantities of heated 93-98Mo isotopes
• Low-energy limit of the radiative dipole strength in nuclei
• Estimation of M1 scissors mode strength for deformed nuclei in the medium to heavy mass region by statistical Hauser-Feshbach model calculations
• Self-consistent calculations of the strength function and radiative neutron capture cross section for stable and unstable tin isotopes
• Relativistic two-phonon model for low-energy nuclear response
• Test of the Brink-Axel hypothesis for the pygmy dipole resonance
• Electromagnetic M1 transition strengths from inelastic proton scattering: The cases of 48Ca and 208Pb
• Electric dipole response of neutron-rich Calcium isotopes in relativistic quasiparticle time blocking approximation
• Gamma-strength functions in 60Ni from two-step cascades following proton capture
• Thermodynamic Properties of ${}^{56,57}$Fe
• Low-energy enhancement in the γ-ray strength functions of ${}^{73,74}$Ge
• Understanding the Low-Energy Enhancement of the $\gamma$-ray Strength Function of ${}^{56}$Fe
• Experimentally constrained ($p,\gamma$)${}^{89}$Y and ($n,\gamma$)${}^{89}$Y reaction rates relevant to the $p$-process nucleosynthesis
• Statistical structure and $\gamma$-decay properties of closed shell Pb nuclei
• Enhanced low-energy $\gamma$-decay strength of ${}^{70}$Ni and its robustness within the shell model
• Consolidating the concept of low-energy magnetic dipole decay radiation
• Experimental constraints on the $\gamma$-ray strength function in ${}^{90}$Zr using partial cross sections of the ${}^{89}$Y(p,$\gamma$)${}^{90}$Zr reaction
• Low energy magnetic radiation enhancement in the f${}_{7/2}$ shell
• Electric dipole strength and dipole polarizability in ${}^{48}$Ca within a fully self-consistent second random-phase approximation
• ${}^{137,138,139}$La($n$, $\gamma$) cross sections constrained with statistical decay properties of ${}^{138,139,140}$La nuclei
• Impact of the phonon coupling on the photon strength function
• Gamma strength function and level density of ${}^{208}$Pb from forward-angle proton scattering at 295 MeV
• Low-energy dipole strength and the critical case of 48Ca
• Photoneutron reaction cross section measurements on 94Mo and 90Zr relevant to the p-process nucleosynthesis
• Completing the nuclear reaction puzzle of the nucleosynthesis of 92Mo
• Influence of complex configurations on properties of pygmy dipole resonance in neutron-rich Ca isotopes
• Isoscalar and neutron modes in the E1 spectra of Ni isotopes and the relevance of shell effects and the continuum
• Search for weak M1 transitions in ${}^{48}$Ca with inelastic proton scattering
• Breaking of axial symmetry in excited heavy nuclei as identified in Giant Dipole Resonance data
• Nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions of ${}^{180,181,182}$Ta
• Limits on Entanglement Effects in the String Landscape from Planck and BICEP/Keck Data

Cited by in corpus (44)

• Astronuclear Physics: a Tale of the Atomic Nuclei in the Skies
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Optical potentials for the rare-isotope beam era
• Expanding Nuclear Physics Horizons with the Gamma Factory
• Independent Normalization for $\gamma$-ray Strength Functions: The Shape Method
• The description of giant dipole resonance key parameters with multitask neural networks
• The intermediate neutron capture process II.Nuclear uncertainties
• Comprehensive test of nuclear level density models
• Gamma decay of the ${}^{154}$Sm Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance: Smekal-Raman Scattering as a Novel Probe of Nuclear Ground-State Deformation
• TENDL-astro: a new nuclear data set for astrophysics interest
• Nuclear level densities and $\gamma$-ray strength functions in ${}^{120,124}$Sn isotopes: impact of Porter-Thomas fluctuations
• Synthesis of thorium and uranium in asymptotic giant branch stars
• Unified description of the coupled-channels and statistical Hauser-Feshbach nuclear reaction theories for low energy neutron incident reactions
• Statistical properties of the well deformed ${}^{153,155}$Sm nuclei and the scissors resonance
• Nuclear level densities and $\gamma -$ray strength functions of ${}^{111,112,113}$Sn isotopes studied with the Oslo method
• Enhanced production of 60Fe in massive stars
• Projected shell model description of nuclear level density: Collective, pair-breaking, and multiquasiparticle regimes in even-even nuclei
• Modeling photon--induced reactions on ${}^{233-238}$U actinide targets
• Nuclear Level Density and $\gamma$-ray Strength Function of ${}^{67}\mathrm{Ni}$ and the impact on the i-process
• Spatial profiles of collimated laser Compton-scattering $\gamma$-ray beams
• Optical potential for incident and emitted low-energy $\alpha$ particles. III. Non-statistical processes induced by neutrons on Zr, Nb, and Mo nuclei
• Giant Dipole Resonance photofission and photoneutron reactions in ${}^{238}$U and ${}^{232}$Th
• QRPA calculations for M1 transitions with the noniterative finite amplitude method and the application to neutron radiative capture cross sections
• Photoexcitation of ${}^{76}$Ge
• Photoneutron cross section measurements on ${}^{208}$Pb in the Giant Dipole Resonance region
• Systematics of semi-microscopic proton-nucleus optical potential at low energies relevant to nuclear astrophysics
• Constraining level densities through quantitative correlations with cross-section data
• Multipole responses in fissioning nuclei and their uncertainties
• Photoneutron reactions on gold in the giant dipole resonance region: reaction cross sections and average kinetic energies of $(\gamma ,xn)$ photoneutrons
• Deviations from the Porter-Thomas Distribution due to Nonstatistical $\gamma$ Decay below the ${}^{150}$Nd Neutron Separation Threshold
• Model-independent determination of the dipole response of ${}^{66}$Zn using quasi-monoenergetic and linearly-polarized photon beams
• Nuclear level density of ${}^{128}$Te from $(\mathrm{p},{\mathrm{p}}^{\prime }\gamma )$ scattering and complementary photonuclear data
• Electric dipole response of sd-shell nuclei within the Configuration-Interaction Shell Model approach
• Coupling between collective modes in the deformed ${}^{98}$Zr nucleus: Insights from consistent HFB+QRPA calculations with the Gogny interaction
• Nuclear level density studied in odd-mass nuclei in the framework of the projected shell model
• Possible existence of pygmy dipole resonance built on excited states in a neutron-rich ${}^{80}$Ge nucleus
• Numerical Convergence of Electromagnetic Responses with the Finite-Amplitude Method
• Learning nuclear cross sections across the chart of nuclides with graph neural networks
• Modeling Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays propagation using the input from Configuration Interaction Shell Model
• Comprehensive test of the Brink-Axel hypothesis in the energy region of the pygmy dipole resonance
• Nuclear level densities and $\gamma$-ray strength functions of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$ -- First application of the Oslo Method in inverse kinematics
• Correcting for neutron width fluctuations in Hauser-Feshbach gamma branching ratios
• IAEA Photonuclear Data Library 2019
• Bulk and spectroscopic nuclear properties within an ab initio renormalized random-phase approximation framework