Black hole formation in relativistic Oscillaton collisions

Abstract

We investigate the physics of black hole formation from the head-on collisions of boosted equal mass Oscillatons (OS) in full numerical relativity, for both the cases where the OS have equal phases or are maximally off-phase (anti-phase). While unboosted OS collisions will form a BH as long as their initial compactness $\mathcal{C}\equiv GM/R$ is above a numerically determined critical value $\mathcal{C}>0.035$, we find that imparting a small initial boost counter-intuitively \emph{prevents} the formation of black holes even if $\mathcal{C}>0.035$. If the boost is further increased, at very high boosts ${\hat{I}}^3>1/12\mathcal{C}$, BH formation occurs as predicted by the hoop conjecture. These two limits combine to form a "stability band" where collisions result in either the OS "passing through" (equal phase) or "bouncing back" (anti-phase), with a critical point occurring around $\mathcal{C}\approx 0.07$. We argue that the existence of this stability band can be explained by the competition between the free fall and the interaction timescales of the collision.