Multi-TeV flaring from high energy blazars: An evidence of the photohadronic process

Abstract

The high energy peaked blazars are known to undergo episodes of flaring in GeV-TeV gamma-rays involving different time scales and the flaring mechanism is not well understood despite long term simultaneous multiwavelength observations. These gamma-rays en route to Earth undergo attenuation by the extra galactic background light. Using the photohadronic model, where the seed photons follow a power-law spectrum and a template extragalactic background light model, we derive a simple relation between the observed multi-TeV gamma-ray flux and the intrinsic flux with a single parameter. We study 42 flaring epochs of 23 blazars and excellent fit to most of the observed spectra are obtained, strengthening the photohadronic origin of multi-TeV gamma-rays. We can also constrain the power spectrum of the seed photons during the flaring period. The blazars of unknown redshifts, whose multi-TeV flaring spectra are known, stringent bounds on the former can be placed using the photohadronic model.

11 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material, 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in APJ Letters

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• The VHE SED modelling of Markarian 501 in 2009
• Can one-zone hadronuclear model explain the hard-TeV spectrum of BL Lac objects?
• A two-zone photohadronic scenario for EHBL-like behavior of Mrk 501
• A two-zone photohadronic interpretation of the EHBL-like behavior of the 2016 multi-TeV flares of 1ES 1959+650
• Photohadronic model for the neutrino and $\gamma$-ray emission from TXS 0506+056
• Photohadronic interpretation of the different incarnation of 1ES 2344+514
• Constraining the redshift of BL Lac VER J0521+211
• Very High-energy Afterglow Emission of GRB 190829A: Evidence for Its Hadronic Origin?