Spin-gapped magnets with weak anisotropies I: Constraints on the phase of the condensate wave function

Abstract

We study the thermodynamic properties of dimerized spin-gapped quantum magnets with and without exchange anisotropy (EA) and Dzyaloshinsky and Moriya (DM) anisotropies within the mean-field approximation (MFA). For this purpose we obtain the thermodynamic potential $\Omega$ of a triplon gas taking into account the strength of DM interaction up to second order. The minimization of $\Omega$ with respect to self-energies ${\Sigma }_n$ and ${\Sigma }_{an}$ yields the equation for $X_{1,2}={\Sigma }_n\pm {\Sigma }_{an}-\mu$, which define the dispersion of quasiparticles $E_k=\sqrt{{\epsilon }_k+X_1}\sqrt{{\epsilon }_k+X_2}$ where ${\epsilon }_k$ is the bare dispersion of triplons. The minimization of $\Omega$ with respect to the magnitude ${\rho }_0$ and the phase $\Theta$ of triplon condensate leads to coupled equations for ${\rho }_0$ and $\Theta$. We discuss the restrictions on ${\rho }_0$ and $\Theta$ imposed by these equations for systems with and without anisotropy. The requirement of dynamical stability conditions $(X_1>0,X_2>0)$ in equilibrium, as well as the Hugenholtz-Pines theorem, particularly for isotropic Bose condensate, impose certain conditions to the physical solutions of these equations. It is shown that the phase angle of a purely homogenous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) without any anisotropy may only take values $\Theta =\pi n$ (n=0,$\pm 1,\pm 2$...) while that of BEC with even a tiny DM interaction results in $\Theta =\pi /2+2\pi n$. In contrast to the widely used Hartree-Fock-Popov approximation, which allows arbitrary phase angle, our approach predicts that the phase angle may have only discrete values, while the phase of the wave function of the whole system remains arbitrary as expected. The consequences of this phase locking for interference of two Bose condensates and to their possible Josephson junction is studied.

arXiv comment35 pages,3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.07456 by other authors

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Self-consistent theory of a homogeneous binary Bose mixture with strong repulsive interspecies interaction
• Critical behavior of Tan's contact for bosonic systems with a fixed chemical potential
• Effects of exchange and weak Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya anisotropies on thermodynamic characteristics of spin-gapped magnets
• On the anomalous density of a dilute homogeneous Bose gas
• Hugenholtz -- Pines relations and the critical temperature of a Rabi coupled binary Bose system
• Defining a critical temperature of a crossover from BEC to the normal phase in anisotropic quantum magnets